[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":11109},["ShallowReactive",2],{"dsa-binaire-zoekbomen":3,"dsa-nav-binaire-zoekbomen":3450},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":3441,"extension":3442,"icon":3443,"meta":3444,"navigation":548,"order":617,"path":3445,"seo":3446,"stem":3447,"topic":3448,"__hash__":3449},"practicelyDsa\u002Fpracticely-dsa\u002Fbinaire-zoekbomen.md","Binaire zoekbomen uitgelegd: invoegen, verwijderen en de vier doorloopvolgordes",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":3427},"minimark",[9,24,32,37,45,69,72,76,82,89,211,214,224,227,231,234,272,283,287,290,302,319,325,346,371,377,380,384,391,458,472,508,511,3109,3113,3127,3166,3172,3179,3184,3191,3211,3232,3236,3316,3327,3331,3394,3398,3423],[10,11,12,13,17,18,23],"p",{},"Een binaire zoekboom (",[14,15,16],"em",{},"binary search tree",", BST) combineert het beste van een gesorteerde array en een\ngelinkte lijst. Je kunt erin zoeken zoals bij ",[19,20,22],"a",{"href":21},"\u002Fpracticely\u002Fdsa\u002Fzoeken","binair zoeken",", maar invoegen en\nverwijderen gaan zonder alles op te schuiven.",[10,25,26,27,31],{},"Op het tentamen is dit een vaste kluif: \"voeg deze sleutels in, teken de boom\", \"verwijder 3\",\n\"geef de inorder-volgorde\". In sollicitaties zijn boomvragen populair omdat ze recursief denken\ntesten. En in de praktijk zitten gebalanceerde zoekbomen achter ",[28,29,30],"code",{},"TreeMap"," in Java, database-indexen\nen de bestandssystemen op je laptop.",[33,34,36],"h2",{"id":35},"de-bst-eigenschap","De BST-eigenschap",[10,38,39,40,44],{},"Elke knoop heeft een sleutel en hoogstens twee kinderen. Voor ",[41,42,43],"strong",{},"elke"," knoop geldt:",[46,47,48,60],"ul",{},[49,50,51,52,55,56,59],"li",{},"alle sleutels in de ",[41,53,54],{},"linker"," deelboom zijn ",[41,57,58],{},"kleiner",";",[49,61,51,62,55,65,68],{},[41,63,64],{},"rechter",[41,66,67],{},"groter",".",[10,70,71],{},"Dat geldt dus voor de hele deelboom, niet alleen voor de directe kinderen. In de opgaven komen geen\ndubbele sleutels voor.",[33,73,75],{"id":74},"invoegen","Invoegen",[10,77,78,79,68],{},"Begin bij de wortel. Is de nieuwe sleutel kleiner, ga naar links; groter, ga naar rechts. Kom je bij\neen lege plek, dan hang je de nieuwe knoop daar op. Een nieuwe sleutel wordt dus ",[41,80,81],{},"altijd een blad",[10,83,84,85,88],{},"We voegen ",[28,86,87],{},"8, 3, 10, 1, 6, 14, 4, 7, 13"," in deze volgorde in:",[90,91,92,108],"table",{},[93,94,95],"thead",{},[96,97,98,102,105],"tr",{},[99,100,101],"th",{},"Sleutel",[99,103,104],{},"Route",[99,106,107],{},"Wordt",[109,110,111,123,134,145,156,167,178,189,200],"tbody",{},[96,112,113,117,120],{},[114,115,116],"td",{},"8",[114,118,119],{},"lege boom",[114,121,122],{},"wortel",[96,124,125,128,131],{},[114,126,127],{},"3",[114,129,130],{},"8 → links",[114,132,133],{},"linkerkind van 8",[96,135,136,139,142],{},[114,137,138],{},"10",[114,140,141],{},"8 → rechts",[114,143,144],{},"rechterkind van 8",[96,146,147,150,153],{},[114,148,149],{},"1",[114,151,152],{},"8 → links, 3 → links",[114,154,155],{},"linkerkind van 3",[96,157,158,161,164],{},[114,159,160],{},"6",[114,162,163],{},"8 → links, 3 → rechts",[114,165,166],{},"rechterkind van 3",[96,168,169,172,175],{},[114,170,171],{},"14",[114,173,174],{},"8 → rechts, 10 → rechts",[114,176,177],{},"rechterkind van 10",[96,179,180,183,186],{},[114,181,182],{},"4",[114,184,185],{},"8 → links, 3 → rechts, 6 → links",[114,187,188],{},"linkerkind van 6",[96,190,191,194,197],{},[114,192,193],{},"7",[114,195,196],{},"8 → links, 3 → rechts, 6 → rechts",[114,198,199],{},"rechterkind van 6",[96,201,202,205,208],{},[114,203,204],{},"13",[114,206,207],{},"8 → rechts, 10 → rechts, 14 → links",[114,209,210],{},"linkerkind van 14",[10,212,213],{},"Het resultaat, de voorbeeldboom voor de rest van deze pagina:",[215,216,221],"pre",{"className":217,"code":219,"language":220},[218],"language-text"," 8\n \u002F \\\n 3 10\n \u002F \\ \\\n 1 6 14\n \u002F \\ \u002F\n 4 7 13\n","text",[28,222,219],{"__ignoreMap":223},"",[10,225,226],{},"De invoegvolgorde bepaalt de vorm. Dezelfde sleutels in een andere volgorde geven een andere boom.",[33,228,230],{"id":229},"zoeken","Zoeken",[10,232,233],{},"Zoeken volgt dezelfde route als invoegen. Bij elke knoop vergelijk je en ga je links of rechts.",[90,235,236,249],{},[93,237,238],{},[96,239,240,243,246],{},[99,241,242],{},"Zoek",[99,244,245],{},"Bezochte knopen",[99,247,248],{},"Resultaat",[109,250,251,261],{},[96,252,253,255,258],{},[114,254,193],{},[114,256,257],{},"8, 3, 6, 7",[114,259,260],{},"gevonden",[96,262,263,266,269],{},[114,264,265],{},"5",[114,267,268],{},"8, 3, 6, 4",[114,270,271],{},"4 heeft geen rechterkind: niet gevonden",[10,273,274,275,278,279,282],{},"Je bezoekt hoogstens één knoop per niveau. Het aantal stappen is dus de ",[41,276,277],{},"hoogte"," ",[28,280,281],{},"h"," van de boom.",[33,284,286],{"id":285},"verwijderen-drie-gevallen","Verwijderen: drie gevallen",[10,288,289],{},"Zoek eerst de knoop. Wat je daarna doet, hangt af van het aantal kinderen.",[10,291,292,295,296,298,299,301],{},[41,293,294],{},"Geval 1: blad (geen kinderen)."," Haal de knoop gewoon weg. Verwijder ",[28,297,204],{},": het linkerkind van ",[28,300,171],{},"\nwordt leeg, de rest van de boom blijft hetzelfde.",[10,303,304,307,308,310,311,313,314,316,317,68],{},[41,305,306],{},"Geval 2: één kind."," Het kind schuift op naar de plek van de knoop. Verwijder ",[28,309,138],{},": de deelboom\n",[28,312,171],{}," (met ",[28,315,204],{},") wordt het rechterkind van ",[28,318,116],{},[215,320,323],{"className":321,"code":322,"language":220},[218]," 8\n \u002F \\\n 3 14\n \u002F \\ \u002F\n 1 6 13\n \u002F \\\n 4 7\n",[28,324,322],{"__ignoreMap":223},[10,326,327,330,331,334,335,338,339,342,343,345],{},[41,328,329],{},"Geval 3: twee kinderen."," Zoek de ",[41,332,333],{},"opvolger"," (",[14,336,337],{},"in-order successor","): de ",[41,340,341],{},"kleinste"," sleutel in de\n",[41,344,64],{}," deelboom. Die vind je door één keer naar rechts te gaan en dan zo ver mogelijk naar links.\nKopieer de sleutel van de opvolger naar de knoop en verwijder daarna de opvolger uit de rechter\ndeelboom. De opvolger heeft nooit een linkerkind, dus dat is altijd geval 1 of 2.",[10,347,348,349,351,352,354,355,358,359,361,362,364,365,367,368,370],{},"Verwijder ",[28,350,127],{}," uit de oorspronkelijke boom. De rechter deelboom van ",[28,353,127],{}," is ",[28,356,357],{},"6, 4, 7","; de kleinste\ndaarin is ",[28,360,182],{},". Dus ",[28,363,182],{}," komt op de plek van ",[28,366,127],{},", en het blad ",[28,369,182],{}," verdwijnt:",[215,372,375],{"className":373,"code":374,"language":220},[218]," 8\n \u002F \\\n 4 10\n \u002F \\ \\\n 1 6 14\n \\ \u002F\n 7 13\n",[28,376,374],{"__ignoreMap":223},[10,378,379],{},"Waarom werkt dit? De opvolger is groter dan alles links en kleiner dan alles wat rechts overblijft,\ndus de BST-eigenschap blijft intact.",[33,381,383],{"id":382},"de-vier-doorloopvolgordes","De vier doorloopvolgordes",[10,385,386,387,390],{},"Een boom doorlopen (",[14,388,389],{},"traversal",") betekent elke knoop één keer bezoeken. Voor de voorbeeldboom:",[90,392,393,405],{},[93,394,395],{},[96,396,397,400,403],{},[99,398,399],{},"Volgorde",[99,401,402],{},"Regel",[99,404,248],{},[109,406,407,420,433,446],{},[96,408,409,412,415],{},[114,410,411],{},"Preorder",[114,413,414],{},"knoop, links, rechts",[114,416,417],{},[28,418,419],{},"8, 3, 1, 6, 4, 7, 10, 14, 13",[96,421,422,425,428],{},[114,423,424],{},"Inorder",[114,426,427],{},"links, knoop, rechts",[114,429,430],{},[28,431,432],{},"1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14",[96,434,435,438,441],{},[114,436,437],{},"Postorder",[114,439,440],{},"links, rechts, knoop",[114,442,443],{},[28,444,445],{},"1, 4, 7, 6, 3, 13, 14, 10, 8",[96,447,448,451,454],{},[114,449,450],{},"Level-order",[114,452,453],{},"per niveau, van links naar rechts",[114,455,456],{},[28,457,87],{},[10,459,460,461,463,464,467,468,471],{},"Ezelsbruggetje: ",[14,462,215],{},", ",[14,465,466],{},"in"," en ",[14,469,470],{},"post"," zeggen wanneer de knoop zelf aan de beurt is: vóór, tussen of\nna zijn deelbomen.",[46,473,474,483,488,493],{},[49,475,476,478,479,482],{},[41,477,424],{}," geeft bij een BST altijd de ",[41,480,481],{},"gesorteerde"," volgorde. Handige controle voor je\nantwoord.",[49,484,485,487],{},[41,486,411],{}," is handig om een boom te kopiëren of op te slaan: voeg je de preorder-volgorde\nopnieuw in, dan krijg je exact dezelfde boom terug.",[49,489,490,492],{},[41,491,437],{}," verwerkt kinderen vóór de ouder, bijvoorbeeld bij het opruimen van een boom of het\nuitrekenen van een expressieboom.",[49,494,495,497,498,502,503,507],{},[41,496,450],{}," is breedte-eerst zoeken en gebruikt een wachtrij, net als BFS bij\n",[19,499,501],{"href":500},"\u002Fpracticely\u002Fdsa\u002Fgrafen","grafen"," (zie ook ",[19,504,506],{"href":505},"\u002Fpracticely\u002Fdsa\u002Fstapels-en-wachtrijen","stapels en wachtrijen",").",[33,509,510],{"id":28},"Code",[512,513,514,1772],"code-tabs",{},[515,516,517],"template",{"v-slot:python":223},[215,518,522],{"className":519,"code":520,"language":521,"meta":223,"style":223},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","from collections import deque\n\n\nclass Knoop:\n def __init__(self, sleutel):\n self.sleutel = sleutel\n self.links = None\n self.rechts = None\n\n\ndef voeg_toe(knoop, sleutel):\n if knoop is None:\n return Knoop(sleutel) # nieuwe sleutel wordt een blad\n if sleutel \u003C knoop.sleutel:\n knoop.links = voeg_toe(knoop.links, sleutel)\n elif sleutel > knoop.sleutel:\n knoop.rechts = voeg_toe(knoop.rechts, sleutel)\n return knoop\n\n\ndef zoek(knoop, sleutel):\n while knoop is not None and knoop.sleutel != sleutel:\n knoop = knoop.links if sleutel \u003C knoop.sleutel else knoop.rechts\n return knoop\n\n\ndef verwijder(knoop, sleutel):\n if knoop is None:\n return None\n if sleutel \u003C knoop.sleutel:\n knoop.links = verwijder(knoop.links, sleutel)\n elif sleutel > knoop.sleutel:\n knoop.rechts = verwijder(knoop.rechts, sleutel)\n else:\n if knoop.links is None: # blad of alleen rechterkind\n return knoop.rechts\n if knoop.rechts is None: # alleen linkerkind\n return knoop.links\n opvolger = knoop.rechts # twee kinderen: kleinste in rechter deelboom\n while opvolger.links is not None:\n opvolger = opvolger.links\n knoop.sleutel = opvolger.sleutel\n knoop.rechts = verwijder(knoop.rechts, opvolger.sleutel)\n return knoop\n\n\ndef preorder(k):\n return [] if k is None else [k.sleutel] + preorder(k.links) + preorder(k.rechts)\n\n\ndef inorder(k):\n return [] if k is None else inorder(k.links) + [k.sleutel] + inorder(k.rechts)\n\n\ndef postorder(k):\n return [] if k is None else postorder(k.links) + postorder(k.rechts) + [k.sleutel]\n\n\ndef level_order(wortel):\n resultaat, wachtrij = [], deque([wortel] if wortel else [])\n while wachtrij:\n k = wachtrij.popleft()\n resultaat.append(k.sleutel)\n for kind in (k.links, k.rechts):\n if kind is not None:\n wachtrij.append(kind)\n return resultaat\n\n\nwortel = None\nfor s in [8, 3, 10, 1, 6, 14, 4, 7, 13]:\n wortel = voeg_toe(wortel, s)\nprint(inorder(wortel)) # [1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14]\n","python",[28,523,524,543,550,555,570,597,615,630,644,649,654,674,689,708,728,757,776,803,812,817,822,840,872,910,917,922,927,945,956,963,980,1007,1024,1051,1059,1080,1092,1110,1122,1139,1158,1172,1190,1221,1228,1233,1238,1253,1313,1318,1323,1337,1392,1397,1402,1416,1472,1477,1482,1496,1533,1543,1561,1582,1612,1626,1643,1651,1656,1661,1671,1730,1751],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,526,529,533,537,540],"span",{"class":527,"line":528},"line",1,[525,530,532],{"class":531},"s7zQu","from",[525,534,536],{"class":535},"sTEyZ"," collections ",[525,538,539],{"class":531},"import",[525,541,542],{"class":535}," deque\n",[525,544,546],{"class":527,"line":545},2,[525,547,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},true,"\n",[525,551,553],{"class":527,"line":552},3,[525,554,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,556,558,562,566],{"class":527,"line":557},4,[525,559,561],{"class":560},"spNyl","class",[525,563,565],{"class":564},"sBMFI"," Knoop",[525,567,569],{"class":568},"sMK4o",":\n",[525,571,573,576,580,583,587,590,594],{"class":527,"line":572},5,[525,574,575],{"class":560}," def",[525,577,579],{"class":578},"s2Zo4"," __init__",[525,581,582],{"class":568},"(",[525,584,586],{"class":585},"s5tWE","self",[525,588,589],{"class":568},",",[525,591,593],{"class":592},"sHdIc"," sleutel",[525,595,596],{"class":568},"):\n",[525,598,600,603,605,609,612],{"class":527,"line":599},6,[525,601,602],{"class":535}," self",[525,604,68],{"class":568},[525,606,608],{"class":607},"swJcz","sleutel",[525,610,611],{"class":568}," =",[525,613,614],{"class":535}," sleutel\n",[525,616,618,620,622,625,627],{"class":527,"line":617},7,[525,619,602],{"class":535},[525,621,68],{"class":568},[525,623,624],{"class":607},"links",[525,626,611],{"class":568},[525,628,629],{"class":568}," None\n",[525,631,633,635,637,640,642],{"class":527,"line":632},8,[525,634,602],{"class":535},[525,636,68],{"class":568},[525,638,639],{"class":607},"rechts",[525,641,611],{"class":568},[525,643,629],{"class":568},[525,645,647],{"class":527,"line":646},9,[525,648,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,650,652],{"class":527,"line":651},10,[525,653,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,655,657,660,663,665,668,670,672],{"class":527,"line":656},11,[525,658,659],{"class":560},"def",[525,661,662],{"class":578}," voeg_toe",[525,664,582],{"class":568},[525,666,667],{"class":592},"knoop",[525,669,589],{"class":568},[525,671,593],{"class":592},[525,673,596],{"class":568},[525,675,677,680,683,686],{"class":527,"line":676},12,[525,678,679],{"class":531}," if",[525,681,682],{"class":535}," knoop ",[525,684,685],{"class":568},"is",[525,687,688],{"class":568}," None:\n",[525,690,692,695,697,699,701,704],{"class":527,"line":691},13,[525,693,694],{"class":531}," return",[525,696,565],{"class":578},[525,698,582],{"class":568},[525,700,608],{"class":578},[525,702,703],{"class":568},")",[525,705,707],{"class":706},"sHwdD"," # nieuwe sleutel wordt een blad\n",[525,709,711,713,716,719,722,724,726],{"class":527,"line":710},14,[525,712,679],{"class":531},[525,714,715],{"class":535}," sleutel ",[525,717,718],{"class":568},"\u003C",[525,720,721],{"class":535}," knoop",[525,723,68],{"class":568},[525,725,608],{"class":607},[525,727,569],{"class":568},[525,729,731,734,736,738,740,742,744,746,748,750,752,754],{"class":527,"line":730},15,[525,732,733],{"class":535}," knoop",[525,735,68],{"class":568},[525,737,624],{"class":607},[525,739,611],{"class":568},[525,741,662],{"class":578},[525,743,582],{"class":568},[525,745,667],{"class":578},[525,747,68],{"class":568},[525,749,624],{"class":607},[525,751,589],{"class":568},[525,753,593],{"class":578},[525,755,756],{"class":568},")\n",[525,758,760,763,765,768,770,772,774],{"class":527,"line":759},16,[525,761,762],{"class":531}," elif",[525,764,715],{"class":535},[525,766,767],{"class":568},">",[525,769,721],{"class":535},[525,771,68],{"class":568},[525,773,608],{"class":607},[525,775,569],{"class":568},[525,777,779,781,783,785,787,789,791,793,795,797,799,801],{"class":527,"line":778},17,[525,780,733],{"class":535},[525,782,68],{"class":568},[525,784,639],{"class":607},[525,786,611],{"class":568},[525,788,662],{"class":578},[525,790,582],{"class":568},[525,792,667],{"class":578},[525,794,68],{"class":568},[525,796,639],{"class":607},[525,798,589],{"class":568},[525,800,593],{"class":578},[525,802,756],{"class":568},[525,804,806,809],{"class":527,"line":805},18,[525,807,808],{"class":531}," return",[525,810,811],{"class":535}," knoop\n",[525,813,815],{"class":527,"line":814},19,[525,816,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,818,820],{"class":527,"line":819},20,[525,821,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,823,825,827,830,832,834,836,838],{"class":527,"line":824},21,[525,826,659],{"class":560},[525,828,829],{"class":578}," zoek",[525,831,582],{"class":568},[525,833,667],{"class":592},[525,835,589],{"class":568},[525,837,593],{"class":592},[525,839,596],{"class":568},[525,841,843,846,848,850,853,856,859,861,863,865,868,870],{"class":527,"line":842},22,[525,844,845],{"class":531}," while",[525,847,682],{"class":535},[525,849,685],{"class":568},[525,851,852],{"class":568}," not",[525,854,855],{"class":568}," None",[525,857,858],{"class":568}," and",[525,860,721],{"class":535},[525,862,68],{"class":568},[525,864,608],{"class":607},[525,866,867],{"class":568}," !=",[525,869,593],{"class":535},[525,871,569],{"class":568},[525,873,875,878,881,883,885,887,890,892,894,896,898,900,903,905,907],{"class":527,"line":874},23,[525,876,877],{"class":535}," knoop ",[525,879,880],{"class":568},"=",[525,882,721],{"class":535},[525,884,68],{"class":568},[525,886,624],{"class":607},[525,888,889],{"class":531}," if",[525,891,715],{"class":535},[525,893,718],{"class":568},[525,895,721],{"class":535},[525,897,68],{"class":568},[525,899,608],{"class":607},[525,901,902],{"class":531}," else",[525,904,721],{"class":535},[525,906,68],{"class":568},[525,908,909],{"class":607},"rechts\n",[525,911,913,915],{"class":527,"line":912},24,[525,914,808],{"class":531},[525,916,811],{"class":535},[525,918,920],{"class":527,"line":919},25,[525,921,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,923,925],{"class":527,"line":924},26,[525,926,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,928,930,932,935,937,939,941,943],{"class":527,"line":929},27,[525,931,659],{"class":560},[525,933,934],{"class":578}," verwijder",[525,936,582],{"class":568},[525,938,667],{"class":592},[525,940,589],{"class":568},[525,942,593],{"class":592},[525,944,596],{"class":568},[525,946,948,950,952,954],{"class":527,"line":947},28,[525,949,679],{"class":531},[525,951,682],{"class":535},[525,953,685],{"class":568},[525,955,688],{"class":568},[525,957,959,961],{"class":527,"line":958},29,[525,960,694],{"class":531},[525,962,629],{"class":568},[525,964,966,968,970,972,974,976,978],{"class":527,"line":965},30,[525,967,679],{"class":531},[525,969,715],{"class":535},[525,971,718],{"class":568},[525,973,721],{"class":535},[525,975,68],{"class":568},[525,977,608],{"class":607},[525,979,569],{"class":568},[525,981,983,985,987,989,991,993,995,997,999,1001,1003,1005],{"class":527,"line":982},31,[525,984,733],{"class":535},[525,986,68],{"class":568},[525,988,624],{"class":607},[525,990,611],{"class":568},[525,992,934],{"class":578},[525,994,582],{"class":568},[525,996,667],{"class":578},[525,998,68],{"class":568},[525,1000,624],{"class":607},[525,1002,589],{"class":568},[525,1004,593],{"class":578},[525,1006,756],{"class":568},[525,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022],{"class":527,"line":1009},32,[525,1011,762],{"class":531},[525,1013,715],{"class":535},[525,1015,767],{"class":568},[525,1017,721],{"class":535},[525,1019,68],{"class":568},[525,1021,608],{"class":607},[525,1023,569],{"class":568},[525,1025,1027,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049],{"class":527,"line":1026},33,[525,1028,733],{"class":535},[525,1030,68],{"class":568},[525,1032,639],{"class":607},[525,1034,611],{"class":568},[525,1036,934],{"class":578},[525,1038,582],{"class":568},[525,1040,667],{"class":578},[525,1042,68],{"class":568},[525,1044,639],{"class":607},[525,1046,589],{"class":568},[525,1048,593],{"class":578},[525,1050,756],{"class":568},[525,1052,1054,1057],{"class":527,"line":1053},34,[525,1055,1056],{"class":531}," else",[525,1058,569],{"class":568},[525,1060,1062,1065,1067,1069,1071,1074,1077],{"class":527,"line":1061},35,[525,1063,1064],{"class":531}," if",[525,1066,721],{"class":535},[525,1068,68],{"class":568},[525,1070,624],{"class":607},[525,1072,1073],{"class":568}," is",[525,1075,1076],{"class":568}," None:",[525,1078,1079],{"class":706}," # blad of alleen rechterkind\n",[525,1081,1083,1086,1088,1090],{"class":527,"line":1082},36,[525,1084,1085],{"class":531}," return",[525,1087,721],{"class":535},[525,1089,68],{"class":568},[525,1091,909],{"class":607},[525,1093,1095,1097,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107],{"class":527,"line":1094},37,[525,1096,1064],{"class":531},[525,1098,721],{"class":535},[525,1100,68],{"class":568},[525,1102,639],{"class":607},[525,1104,1073],{"class":568},[525,1106,1076],{"class":568},[525,1108,1109],{"class":706}," # alleen linkerkind\n",[525,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119],{"class":527,"line":1112},38,[525,1114,1085],{"class":531},[525,1116,721],{"class":535},[525,1118,68],{"class":568},[525,1120,1121],{"class":607},"links\n",[525,1123,1125,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136],{"class":527,"line":1124},39,[525,1126,1127],{"class":535}," opvolger ",[525,1129,880],{"class":568},[525,1131,721],{"class":535},[525,1133,68],{"class":568},[525,1135,639],{"class":607},[525,1137,1138],{"class":706}," # twee kinderen: kleinste in rechter deelboom\n",[525,1140,1142,1145,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156],{"class":527,"line":1141},40,[525,1143,1144],{"class":531}," while",[525,1146,1147],{"class":535}," opvolger",[525,1149,68],{"class":568},[525,1151,624],{"class":607},[525,1153,1073],{"class":568},[525,1155,852],{"class":568},[525,1157,688],{"class":568},[525,1159,1161,1164,1166,1168,1170],{"class":527,"line":1160},41,[525,1162,1163],{"class":535}," opvolger ",[525,1165,880],{"class":568},[525,1167,1147],{"class":535},[525,1169,68],{"class":568},[525,1171,1121],{"class":607},[525,1173,1175,1177,1179,1181,1183,1185,1187],{"class":527,"line":1174},42,[525,1176,733],{"class":535},[525,1178,68],{"class":568},[525,1180,608],{"class":607},[525,1182,611],{"class":568},[525,1184,1147],{"class":535},[525,1186,68],{"class":568},[525,1188,1189],{"class":607},"sleutel\n",[525,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219],{"class":527,"line":1192},43,[525,1194,733],{"class":535},[525,1196,68],{"class":568},[525,1198,639],{"class":607},[525,1200,611],{"class":568},[525,1202,934],{"class":578},[525,1204,582],{"class":568},[525,1206,667],{"class":578},[525,1208,68],{"class":568},[525,1210,639],{"class":607},[525,1212,589],{"class":568},[525,1214,1147],{"class":578},[525,1216,68],{"class":568},[525,1218,608],{"class":607},[525,1220,756],{"class":568},[525,1222,1224,1226],{"class":527,"line":1223},44,[525,1225,808],{"class":531},[525,1227,811],{"class":535},[525,1229,1231],{"class":527,"line":1230},45,[525,1232,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1234,1236],{"class":527,"line":1235},46,[525,1237,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1239,1241,1243,1246,1248,1251],{"class":527,"line":1240},47,[525,1242,659],{"class":560},[525,1244,1245],{"class":578}," preorder",[525,1247,582],{"class":568},[525,1249,1250],{"class":592},"k",[525,1252,596],{"class":568},[525,1254,1256,1258,1261,1263,1266,1268,1270,1272,1275,1277,1279,1281,1284,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311],{"class":527,"line":1255},48,[525,1257,808],{"class":531},[525,1259,1260],{"class":568}," []",[525,1262,889],{"class":531},[525,1264,1265],{"class":535}," k ",[525,1267,685],{"class":568},[525,1269,855],{"class":568},[525,1271,902],{"class":531},[525,1273,1274],{"class":568}," [",[525,1276,1250],{"class":535},[525,1278,68],{"class":568},[525,1280,608],{"class":607},[525,1282,1283],{"class":568},"]",[525,1285,1286],{"class":568}," +",[525,1288,1245],{"class":578},[525,1290,582],{"class":568},[525,1292,1250],{"class":578},[525,1294,68],{"class":568},[525,1296,624],{"class":607},[525,1298,703],{"class":568},[525,1300,1286],{"class":568},[525,1302,1245],{"class":578},[525,1304,582],{"class":568},[525,1306,1250],{"class":578},[525,1308,68],{"class":568},[525,1310,639],{"class":607},[525,1312,756],{"class":568},[525,1314,1316],{"class":527,"line":1315},49,[525,1317,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1319,1321],{"class":527,"line":1320},50,[525,1322,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1324,1326,1328,1331,1333,1335],{"class":527,"line":1325},51,[525,1327,659],{"class":560},[525,1329,1330],{"class":578}," inorder",[525,1332,582],{"class":568},[525,1334,1250],{"class":592},[525,1336,596],{"class":568},[525,1338,1340,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372,1374,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390],{"class":527,"line":1339},52,[525,1341,808],{"class":531},[525,1343,1260],{"class":568},[525,1345,889],{"class":531},[525,1347,1265],{"class":535},[525,1349,685],{"class":568},[525,1351,855],{"class":568},[525,1353,902],{"class":531},[525,1355,1330],{"class":578},[525,1357,582],{"class":568},[525,1359,1250],{"class":578},[525,1361,68],{"class":568},[525,1363,624],{"class":607},[525,1365,703],{"class":568},[525,1367,1286],{"class":568},[525,1369,1274],{"class":568},[525,1371,1250],{"class":535},[525,1373,68],{"class":568},[525,1375,608],{"class":607},[525,1377,1283],{"class":568},[525,1379,1286],{"class":568},[525,1381,1330],{"class":578},[525,1383,582],{"class":568},[525,1385,1250],{"class":578},[525,1387,68],{"class":568},[525,1389,639],{"class":607},[525,1391,756],{"class":568},[525,1393,1395],{"class":527,"line":1394},53,[525,1396,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1398,1400],{"class":527,"line":1399},54,[525,1401,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1403,1405,1407,1410,1412,1414],{"class":527,"line":1404},55,[525,1406,659],{"class":560},[525,1408,1409],{"class":578}," postorder",[525,1411,582],{"class":568},[525,1413,1250],{"class":592},[525,1415,596],{"class":568},[525,1417,1419,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1431,1433,1435,1437,1439,1441,1443,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469],{"class":527,"line":1418},56,[525,1420,808],{"class":531},[525,1422,1260],{"class":568},[525,1424,889],{"class":531},[525,1426,1265],{"class":535},[525,1428,685],{"class":568},[525,1430,855],{"class":568},[525,1432,902],{"class":531},[525,1434,1409],{"class":578},[525,1436,582],{"class":568},[525,1438,1250],{"class":578},[525,1440,68],{"class":568},[525,1442,624],{"class":607},[525,1444,703],{"class":568},[525,1446,1286],{"class":568},[525,1448,1409],{"class":578},[525,1450,582],{"class":568},[525,1452,1250],{"class":578},[525,1454,68],{"class":568},[525,1456,639],{"class":607},[525,1458,703],{"class":568},[525,1460,1286],{"class":568},[525,1462,1274],{"class":568},[525,1464,1250],{"class":535},[525,1466,68],{"class":568},[525,1468,608],{"class":607},[525,1470,1471],{"class":568},"]\n",[525,1473,1475],{"class":527,"line":1474},57,[525,1476,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1478,1480],{"class":527,"line":1479},58,[525,1481,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1483,1485,1487,1490,1492,1494],{"class":527,"line":1484},59,[525,1486,659],{"class":560},[525,1488,1489],{"class":578}," level_order",[525,1491,582],{"class":568},[525,1493,122],{"class":592},[525,1495,596],{"class":568},[525,1497,1499,1502,1504,1507,1509,1512,1515,1518,1520,1522,1524,1527,1530],{"class":527,"line":1498},60,[525,1500,1501],{"class":535}," resultaat",[525,1503,589],{"class":568},[525,1505,1506],{"class":535}," wachtrij ",[525,1508,880],{"class":568},[525,1510,1511],{"class":568}," [],",[525,1513,1514],{"class":578}," deque",[525,1516,1517],{"class":568},"([",[525,1519,122],{"class":578},[525,1521,1283],{"class":568},[525,1523,889],{"class":531},[525,1525,1526],{"class":578}," wortel ",[525,1528,1529],{"class":531},"else",[525,1531,1532],{"class":568}," [])\n",[525,1534,1536,1538,1541],{"class":527,"line":1535},61,[525,1537,845],{"class":531},[525,1539,1540],{"class":535}," wachtrij",[525,1542,569],{"class":568},[525,1544,1546,1549,1551,1553,1555,1558],{"class":527,"line":1545},62,[525,1547,1548],{"class":535}," k ",[525,1550,880],{"class":568},[525,1552,1540],{"class":535},[525,1554,68],{"class":568},[525,1556,1557],{"class":578},"popleft",[525,1559,1560],{"class":568},"()\n",[525,1562,1564,1567,1569,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580],{"class":527,"line":1563},63,[525,1565,1566],{"class":535}," resultaat",[525,1568,68],{"class":568},[525,1570,1571],{"class":578},"append",[525,1573,582],{"class":568},[525,1575,1250],{"class":578},[525,1577,68],{"class":568},[525,1579,608],{"class":607},[525,1581,756],{"class":568},[525,1583,1585,1588,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1606,1608,1610],{"class":527,"line":1584},64,[525,1586,1587],{"class":531}," for",[525,1589,1590],{"class":535}," kind ",[525,1592,466],{"class":531},[525,1594,334],{"class":568},[525,1596,1250],{"class":535},[525,1598,68],{"class":568},[525,1600,624],{"class":607},[525,1602,589],{"class":568},[525,1604,1605],{"class":535}," k",[525,1607,68],{"class":568},[525,1609,639],{"class":607},[525,1611,596],{"class":568},[525,1613,1615,1618,1620,1622,1624],{"class":527,"line":1614},65,[525,1616,1617],{"class":531}," if",[525,1619,1590],{"class":535},[525,1621,685],{"class":568},[525,1623,852],{"class":568},[525,1625,688],{"class":568},[525,1627,1629,1632,1634,1636,1638,1641],{"class":527,"line":1628},66,[525,1630,1631],{"class":535}," wachtrij",[525,1633,68],{"class":568},[525,1635,1571],{"class":578},[525,1637,582],{"class":568},[525,1639,1640],{"class":578},"kind",[525,1642,756],{"class":568},[525,1644,1646,1648],{"class":527,"line":1645},67,[525,1647,808],{"class":531},[525,1649,1650],{"class":535}," resultaat\n",[525,1652,1654],{"class":527,"line":1653},68,[525,1655,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1657,1659],{"class":527,"line":1658},69,[525,1660,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,1662,1664,1667,1669],{"class":527,"line":1663},70,[525,1665,1666],{"class":535},"wortel ",[525,1668,880],{"class":568},[525,1670,629],{"class":568},[525,1672,1674,1677,1680,1682,1684,1687,1689,1692,1694,1697,1699,1702,1704,1707,1709,1712,1714,1717,1719,1722,1724,1727],{"class":527,"line":1673},71,[525,1675,1676],{"class":531},"for",[525,1678,1679],{"class":535}," s ",[525,1681,466],{"class":531},[525,1683,1274],{"class":568},[525,1685,116],{"class":1686},"sbssI",[525,1688,589],{"class":568},[525,1690,1691],{"class":1686}," 3",[525,1693,589],{"class":568},[525,1695,1696],{"class":1686}," 10",[525,1698,589],{"class":568},[525,1700,1701],{"class":1686}," 1",[525,1703,589],{"class":568},[525,1705,1706],{"class":1686}," 6",[525,1708,589],{"class":568},[525,1710,1711],{"class":1686}," 14",[525,1713,589],{"class":568},[525,1715,1716],{"class":1686}," 4",[525,1718,589],{"class":568},[525,1720,1721],{"class":1686}," 7",[525,1723,589],{"class":568},[525,1725,1726],{"class":1686}," 13",[525,1728,1729],{"class":568},"]:\n",[525,1731,1733,1736,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1749],{"class":527,"line":1732},72,[525,1734,1735],{"class":535}," wortel ",[525,1737,880],{"class":568},[525,1739,662],{"class":578},[525,1741,582],{"class":568},[525,1743,122],{"class":578},[525,1745,589],{"class":568},[525,1747,1748],{"class":578}," s",[525,1750,756],{"class":568},[525,1752,1754,1757,1759,1762,1764,1766,1769],{"class":527,"line":1753},73,[525,1755,1756],{"class":578},"print",[525,1758,582],{"class":568},[525,1760,1761],{"class":578},"inorder",[525,1763,582],{"class":568},[525,1765,122],{"class":578},[525,1767,1768],{"class":568},"))",[525,1770,1771],{"class":706}," # [1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14]\n",[515,1773,1774],{"v-slot:java":223},[215,1775,1779],{"className":1776,"code":1777,"language":1778,"meta":223,"style":223},"language-java shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","import java.util.ArrayDeque;\nimport java.util.ArrayList;\nimport java.util.Deque;\nimport java.util.List;\n\nstatic class Knoop {\n int sleutel;\n Knoop links, rechts;\n\n Knoop(int sleutel) {\n this.sleutel = sleutel;\n }\n}\n\nstatic Knoop voegToe(Knoop knoop, int sleutel) {\n if (knoop == null) return new Knoop(sleutel); \u002F\u002F nieuwe sleutel wordt een blad\n if (sleutel \u003C knoop.sleutel) knoop.links = voegToe(knoop.links, sleutel);\n else if (sleutel > knoop.sleutel) knoop.rechts = voegToe(knoop.rechts, sleutel);\n return knoop;\n}\n\nstatic Knoop zoek(Knoop knoop, int sleutel) {\n while (knoop != null && knoop.sleutel != sleutel) {\n knoop = sleutel \u003C knoop.sleutel ? knoop.links : knoop.rechts;\n }\n return knoop;\n}\n\nstatic Knoop verwijder(Knoop knoop, int sleutel) {\n if (knoop == null) return null;\n if (sleutel \u003C knoop.sleutel) {\n knoop.links = verwijder(knoop.links, sleutel);\n } else if (sleutel > knoop.sleutel) {\n knoop.rechts = verwijder(knoop.rechts, sleutel);\n } else {\n if (knoop.links == null) return knoop.rechts; \u002F\u002F blad of alleen rechterkind\n if (knoop.rechts == null) return knoop.links; \u002F\u002F alleen linkerkind\n Knoop opvolger = knoop.rechts; \u002F\u002F twee kinderen: kleinste in rechter deelboom\n while (opvolger.links != null) opvolger = opvolger.links;\n knoop.sleutel = opvolger.sleutel;\n knoop.rechts = verwijder(knoop.rechts, opvolger.sleutel);\n }\n return knoop;\n}\n\nstatic void preorder(Knoop k, List\u003CInteger> uit) {\n if (k == null) return;\n uit.add(k.sleutel);\n preorder(k.links, uit);\n preorder(k.rechts, uit);\n}\n\nstatic void inorder(Knoop k, List\u003CInteger> uit) {\n if (k == null) return;\n inorder(k.links, uit);\n uit.add(k.sleutel);\n inorder(k.rechts, uit);\n}\n\nstatic void postorder(Knoop k, List\u003CInteger> uit) {\n if (k == null) return;\n postorder(k.links, uit);\n postorder(k.rechts, uit);\n uit.add(k.sleutel);\n}\n\nstatic List\u003CInteger> levelOrder(Knoop wortel) {\n List\u003CInteger> resultaat = new ArrayList\u003C>();\n Deque\u003CKnoop> wachtrij = new ArrayDeque\u003C>();\n if (wortel != null) wachtrij.add(wortel);\n while (!wachtrij.isEmpty()) {\n Knoop k = wachtrij.poll();\n resultaat.add(k.sleutel);\n if (k.links != null) wachtrij.add(k.links);\n if (k.rechts != null) wachtrij.add(k.rechts);\n }\n return resultaat;\n}\n","java",[28,1780,1781,1801,1818,1835,1852,1856,1869,1878,1893,1897,1912,1926,1931,1936,1940,1967,2000,2044,2089,2097,2101,2105,2129,2160,2196,2200,2208,2212,2216,2240,2257,2277,2303,2328,2354,2362,2391,2420,2441,2469,2487,2517,2521,2529,2533,2537,2571,2588,2608,2627,2645,2649,2653,2683,2699,2718,2736,2754,2758,2762,2792,2808,2827,2845,2863,2867,2871,2897,2921,2943,2967,2987,3005,3023,3056,3089,3094,3104],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,1782,1783,1785,1788,1790,1793,1795,1798],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,1784,539],{"class":1686},[525,1786,1787],{"class":560}," 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inorder",[525,2705,582],{"class":568},[525,2707,1250],{"class":535},[525,2709,68],{"class":568},[525,2711,624],{"class":535},[525,2713,589],{"class":568},[525,2715,2566],{"class":535},[525,2717,2043],{"class":568},[525,2719,2720,2722,2724,2726,2728,2730,2732,2734],{"class":527,"line":1418},[525,2721,2592],{"class":535},[525,2723,68],{"class":568},[525,2725,2597],{"class":578},[525,2727,582],{"class":568},[525,2729,1250],{"class":535},[525,2731,68],{"class":568},[525,2733,608],{"class":535},[525,2735,2043],{"class":568},[525,2737,2738,2740,2742,2744,2746,2748,2750,2752],{"class":527,"line":1474},[525,2739,2703],{"class":578},[525,2741,582],{"class":568},[525,2743,1250],{"class":535},[525,2745,68],{"class":568},[525,2747,639],{"class":535},[525,2749,589],{"class":568},[525,2751,2566],{"class":535},[525,2753,2043],{"class":568},[525,2755,2756],{"class":527,"line":1479},[525,2757,1935],{"class":568},[525,2759,2760],{"class":527,"line":1484},[525,2761,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,2763,2764,2766,2768,2770,2772,2774,2776,2778,2780,2782,2784,2786,2788,2790],{"class":527,"line":1498},[525,2765,1860],{"class":560},[525,2767,2543],{"class":560},[525,2769,1409],{"class":578},[525,2771,582],{"class":568},[525,2773,1953],{"class":560},[525,2775,1605],{"class":535},[525,2777,589],{"class":568},[525,2779,2556],{"class":560},[525,2781,718],{"class":568},[525,2783,2561],{"class":535},[525,2785,767],{"class":568},[525,2787,2566],{"class":535},[525,2789,703],{"class":568},[525,2791,1868],{"class":568},[525,2793,2794,2796,2798,2800,2802,2804,2806],{"class":527,"line":1535},[525,2795,679],{"class":531},[525,2797,334],{"class":568},[525,2799,2579],{"class":535},[525,2801,1978],{"class":568},[525,2803,1981],{"class":568},[525,2805,1984],{"class":531},[525,2807,1800],{"class":568},[525,2809,2810,2813,2815,2817,2819,2821,2823,2825],{"class":527,"line":1545},[525,2811,2812],{"class":578}," postorder",[525,2814,582],{"class":568},[525,2816,1250],{"class":535},[525,2818,68],{"class":568},[525,2820,624],{"class":535},[525,2822,589],{"class":568},[525,2824,2566],{"class":535},[525,2826,2043],{"class":568},[525,2828,2829,2831,2833,2835,2837,2839,2841,2843],{"class":527,"line":1563},[525,2830,2812],{"class":578},[525,2832,582],{"class":568},[525,2834,1250],{"class":535},[525,2836,68],{"class":568},[525,2838,639],{"class":535},[525,2840,589],{"class":568},[525,2842,2566],{"class":535},[525,2844,2043],{"class":568},[525,2846,2847,2849,2851,2853,2855,2857,2859,2861],{"class":527,"line":1584},[525,2848,2592],{"class":535},[525,2850,68],{"class":568},[525,2852,2597],{"class":578},[525,2854,582],{"class":568},[525,2856,1250],{"class":535},[525,2858,68],{"class":568},[525,2860,608],{"class":535},[525,2862,2043],{"class":568},[525,2864,2865],{"class":527,"line":1614},[525,2866,1935],{"class":568},[525,2868,2869],{"class":527,"line":1628},[525,2870,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,2872,2873,2875,2877,2879,2881,2883,2886,2888,2890,2893,2895],{"class":527,"line":1645},[525,2874,1860],{"class":560},[525,2876,2556],{"class":560},[525,2878,718],{"class":568},[525,2880,2561],{"class":535},[525,2882,767],{"class":568},[525,2884,2885],{"class":578}," levelOrder",[525,2887,582],{"class":568},[525,2889,1953],{"class":560},[525,2891,2892],{"class":535}," wortel",[525,2894,703],{"class":568},[525,2896,1868],{"class":568},[525,2898,2899,2902,2904,2906,2908,2911,2913,2915,2918],{"class":527,"line":1653},[525,2900,2901],{"class":560}," List",[525,2903,718],{"class":568},[525,2905,2561],{"class":560},[525,2907,767],{"class":568},[525,2909,2910],{"class":535}," resultaat ",[525,2912,880],{"class":568},[525,2914,1987],{"class":531},[525,2916,2917],{"class":560}," ArrayList",[525,2919,2920],{"class":568},"\u003C>();\n",[525,2922,2923,2926,2928,2930,2932,2934,2936,2938,2941],{"class":527,"line":1658},[525,2924,2925],{"class":560}," Deque",[525,2927,718],{"class":568},[525,2929,1953],{"class":560},[525,2931,767],{"class":568},[525,2933,1506],{"class":535},[525,2935,880],{"class":568},[525,2937,1987],{"class":531},[525,2939,2940],{"class":560}," ArrayDeque",[525,2942,2920],{"class":568},[525,2944,2945,2947,2949,2951,2953,2955,2957,2959,2961,2963,2965],{"class":527,"line":1663},[525,2946,679],{"class":531},[525,2948,334],{"class":568},[525,2950,1666],{"class":535},[525,2952,2139],{"class":568},[525,2954,1981],{"class":568},[525,2956,1540],{"class":535},[525,2958,68],{"class":568},[525,2960,2597],{"class":578},[525,2962,582],{"class":568},[525,2964,122],{"class":535},[525,2966,2043],{"class":568},[525,2968,2969,2971,2974,2977,2979,2982,2985],{"class":527,"line":1673},[525,2970,845],{"class":531},[525,2972,2973],{"class":568}," (!",[525,2975,2976],{"class":535},"wachtrij",[525,2978,68],{"class":568},[525,2980,2981],{"class":578},"isEmpty",[525,2983,2984],{"class":568},"())",[525,2986,1868],{"class":568},[525,2988,2989,2991,2993,2995,2997,2999,3002],{"class":527,"line":1732},[525,2990,2424],{"class":560},[525,2992,1265],{"class":535},[525,2994,880],{"class":568},[525,2996,1540],{"class":535},[525,2998,68],{"class":568},[525,3000,3001],{"class":578},"poll",[525,3003,3004],{"class":568},"();\n",[525,3006,3007,3009,3011,3013,3015,3017,3019,3021],{"class":527,"line":1753},[525,3008,1566],{"class":535},[525,3010,68],{"class":568},[525,3012,2597],{"class":578},[525,3014,582],{"class":568},[525,3016,1250],{"class":535},[525,3018,68],{"class":568},[525,3020,608],{"class":535},[525,3022,2043],{"class":568},[525,3024,3026,3028,3030,3032,3034,3036,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3048,3050,3052,3054],{"class":527,"line":3025},74,[525,3027,1064],{"class":531},[525,3029,334],{"class":568},[525,3031,1250],{"class":535},[525,3033,68],{"class":568},[525,3035,2024],{"class":535},[525,3037,2139],{"class":568},[525,3039,1981],{"class":568},[525,3041,1540],{"class":535},[525,3043,68],{"class":568},[525,3045,2597],{"class":578},[525,3047,582],{"class":568},[525,3049,1250],{"class":535},[525,3051,68],{"class":568},[525,3053,624],{"class":535},[525,3055,2043],{"class":568},[525,3057,3059,3061,3063,3065,3067,3069,3071,3073,3075,3077,3079,3081,3083,3085,3087],{"class":527,"line":3058},75,[525,3060,1064],{"class":531},[525,3062,334],{"class":568},[525,3064,1250],{"class":535},[525,3066,68],{"class":568},[525,3068,2070],{"class":535},[525,3070,2139],{"class":568},[525,3072,1981],{"class":568},[525,3074,1540],{"class":535},[525,3076,68],{"class":568},[525,3078,2597],{"class":578},[525,3080,582],{"class":568},[525,3082,1250],{"class":535},[525,3084,68],{"class":568},[525,3086,639],{"class":535},[525,3088,2043],{"class":568},[525,3090,3092],{"class":527,"line":3091},76,[525,3093,1930],{"class":568},[525,3095,3097,3099,3102],{"class":527,"line":3096},77,[525,3098,808],{"class":531},[525,3100,3101],{"class":535}," resultaat",[525,3103,1800],{"class":568},[525,3105,3107],{"class":527,"line":3106},78,[525,3108,1935],{"class":568},[33,3110,3112],{"id":3111},"gebalanceerd-of-scheef","Gebalanceerd of scheef",[10,3114,3115,3116,3119,3120,3122,3123,3126],{},"Alle operaties kosten ",[28,3117,3118],{},"O(h)",", met ",[28,3121,281],{}," de hoogte van de boom. Hoe hoog is een boom met ",[28,3124,3125],{},"n"," knopen?",[46,3128,3129,3146],{},[49,3130,3131,3134,3135,3137,3138,3141,3142,3145],{},[41,3132,3133],{},"Gebalanceerd:"," elk niveau is (bijna) vol. Een boom met hoogte ",[28,3136,281],{}," bevat dan tot ",[28,3139,3140],{},"2^(h+1) - 1","\nknopen, dus ",[28,3143,3144],{},"h ≈ log n",". Met een miljoen sleutels heb je ongeveer twintig stappen nodig.",[49,3147,3148,334,3151,3154,3155,3158,3159,3162,3163,68],{},[41,3149,3150],{},"Scheef",[14,3152,3153],{},"degenerate tree","): voeg je ",[28,3156,3157],{},"1, 2, 3, 4, 5"," in deze volgorde in, dan gaat elke sleutel naar\nrechts. Je krijgt een gelinkte lijst en ",[28,3160,3161],{},"h = n - 1",". Zoeken kost dan ",[28,3164,3165],{},"O(n)",[215,3167,3170],{"className":3168,"code":3169,"language":220},[218],"1\n \\\n 2\n \\\n 3\n \\\n 4\n \\\n 5\n",[28,3171,3169],{"__ignoreMap":223},[10,3173,3174,3175,3178],{},"Gesorteerde invoer is precies het geval dat in de praktijk vaak voorkomt (oplopende id's,\ntijdstempels). Daarom gebruik je in echte software een ",[41,3176,3177],{},"zelfbalancerende"," boom.",[3180,3181,3183],"h3",{"id":3182},"avl-bomen-en-rotaties","AVL-bomen en rotaties",[10,3185,3186,3187,3190],{},"Een AVL-boom is een BST die na elke invoeging en verwijdering controleert of bij elke knoop de\nhoogtes van de linker en rechter deelboom hoogstens 1 verschillen. Zo niet, dan herstelt hij de balans\nmet een ",[41,3188,3189],{},"rotatie",": een kleine herschikking van drie knopen die de BST-eigenschap behoudt.",[46,3192,3193,3199,3205],{},[49,3194,3195,3198],{},[41,3196,3197],{},"Rotatie naar rechts"," bij een te zware linkerkant (links-links-geval).",[49,3200,3201,3204],{},[41,3202,3203],{},"Rotatie naar links"," bij een te zware rechterkant (rechts-rechts-geval).",[49,3206,3207,3210],{},[41,3208,3209],{},"Dubbele rotaties"," (links-rechts en rechts-links) als de zware kant een \"knik\" heeft.",[10,3212,3213,3214,3217,3218,3221,3222,3225,3226,3228,3229,68],{},"Een rotatie kost ",[28,3215,3216],{},"O(1)",", dus een AVL-boom garandeert ",[28,3219,3220],{},"O(log n)"," voor alle operaties. Een rood-zwarte\nboom (",[14,3223,3224],{},"red-black tree",") doet hetzelfde met iets soepelere regels; die zit achter Java's ",[28,3227,30],{}," en\n",[28,3230,3231],{},"TreeSet",[33,3233,3235],{"id":3234},"complexiteit","Complexiteit",[90,3237,3238,3251],{},[93,3239,3240],{},[96,3241,3242,3245,3248],{},[99,3243,3244],{},"Operatie",[99,3246,3247],{},"Gebalanceerd",[99,3249,3250],{},"Scheef (slechtste geval)",[109,3252,3253,3265,3277,3290,3303],{},[96,3254,3255,3257,3261],{},[114,3256,230],{},[114,3258,3259],{},[28,3260,3220],{},[114,3262,3263],{},[28,3264,3165],{},[96,3266,3267,3269,3273],{},[114,3268,75],{},[114,3270,3271],{},[28,3272,3220],{},[114,3274,3275],{},[28,3276,3165],{},[96,3278,3279,3282,3286],{},[114,3280,3281],{},"Verwijderen",[114,3283,3284],{},[28,3285,3220],{},[114,3287,3288],{},[28,3289,3165],{},[96,3291,3292,3295,3299],{},[114,3293,3294],{},"Doorlopen (alle vier)",[114,3296,3297],{},[28,3298,3165],{},[114,3300,3301],{},[28,3302,3165],{},[96,3304,3305,3308,3312],{},[114,3306,3307],{},"Minimum \u002F maximum",[114,3309,3310],{},[28,3311,3220],{},[114,3313,3314],{},[28,3315,3165],{},[10,3317,3318,3319,3323,3324,3326],{},"Voor een AVL- of rood-zwarte boom geldt de middelste kolom altijd. Vergelijk dit met een\n",[19,3320,3322],{"href":3321},"\u002Fpracticely\u002Fdsa\u002Fhashtabellen","hashtabel",": die is gemiddeld sneller (",[28,3325,3216],{},"), maar een zoekboom houdt\nde sleutels gesorteerd, zodat je ook \"geef alle sleutels tussen 20 en 50\" efficiënt kunt beantwoorden.",[33,3328,3330],{"id":3329},"veelgemaakte-fouten-op-het-tentamen","Veelgemaakte fouten op het tentamen",[3332,3333,3334,3346,3364,3370,3384],"ol",{},[49,3335,3336,3339,3340,3342,3343,3345],{},[41,3337,3338],{},"Alleen met het directe kind vergelijken."," De BST-eigenschap geldt voor de hele deelboom. Een\nboom met ",[28,3341,265],{}," als wortel en ",[28,3344,193],{}," ergens in de linker deelboom is geen BST, ook al klopt elk\nouder-kindpaar.",[49,3347,3348,3351,3352,3355,3356,3358,3359,3361,3362,68],{},[41,3349,3350],{},"Met de verkeerde opvolger vervangen."," Bij twee kinderen neem je de ",[41,3353,3354],{},"kleinste in de rechter","\ndeelboom, niet het rechterkind zelf. Bij het verwijderen van ",[28,3357,127],{}," is dat ",[28,3360,182],{},", niet ",[28,3363,160],{},[49,3365,3366,3369],{},[41,3367,3368],{},"Preorder en postorder verwisselen."," Preorder begint met de wortel, postorder eindigt ermee.",[49,3371,3372,3375,3376,3379,3380,3383],{},[41,3373,3374],{},"Level-order als \"eerst alles links\" lezen."," Level-order gaat niveau voor niveau: ",[28,3377,3378],{},"8, 3, 10, …",",\nniet ",[28,3381,3382],{},"8, 3, 1, …"," (dat is preorder).",[49,3385,3386,3389,3390,3393],{},[41,3387,3388],{},"Vergeten dat de invoegvolgorde de vorm bepaalt."," Gesorteerde invoer geeft een scheve boom met\nhoogte ",[28,3391,3392],{},"n - 1",", geen gebalanceerde.",[33,3395,3397],{"id":3396},"samenvatting","Samenvatting",[46,3399,3400,3403,3406,3409,3420],{},[49,3401,3402],{},"In een BST staat alles links van een knoop kleiner en alles rechts groter; inorder geeft de\ngesorteerde volgorde.",[49,3404,3405],{},"Invoegen en zoeken volgen één pad vanaf de wortel; nieuwe sleutels worden altijd een blad.",[49,3407,3408],{},"Verwijderen kent drie gevallen; bij twee kinderen vervang je de sleutel door de opvolger, de\nkleinste in de rechter deelboom.",[49,3410,3115,3411,3413,3414,3416,3417,3419],{},[28,3412,3118],{},": ",[28,3415,3220],{}," als de boom gebalanceerd is, ",[28,3418,3165],{}," als hij scheef is.",[49,3421,3422],{},"AVL- en rood-zwarte bomen houden de boom met rotaties in balans.",[3424,3425,3426],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .s5tWE, html code.shiki .s5tWE{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#F07178;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sHdIc, html code.shiki .sHdIc{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":223,"searchDepth":545,"depth":545,"links":3428},[3429,3430,3431,3432,3433,3434,3435,3438,3439,3440],{"id":35,"depth":545,"text":36},{"id":74,"depth":545,"text":75},{"id":229,"depth":545,"text":230},{"id":285,"depth":545,"text":286},{"id":382,"depth":545,"text":383},{"id":28,"depth":545,"text":510},{"id":3111,"depth":545,"text":3112,"children":3436},[3437],{"id":3182,"depth":552,"text":3183},{"id":3234,"depth":545,"text":3235},{"id":3329,"depth":545,"text":3330},{"id":3396,"depth":545,"text":3397},"Hoe werkt een binaire zoekboom? Leer invoegen, zoeken, verwijderen met de opvolger en preorder, inorder, postorder en level-order, met code in Python en Java.","md","i-lucide-git-fork",{},"\u002Fpracticely-dsa\u002Fbinaire-zoekbomen",{"title":5,"description":3441},"practicely-dsa\u002Fbinaire-zoekbomen","binaire-zoekbomen","5yuwA2hIh7vFKmCQQsxSvrXzYaI0R4crBkjJJQZuPhU",{"prev":3451,"next":6346},{"id":3452,"title":3453,"body":3454,"description":6338,"extension":3442,"icon":6339,"meta":6340,"navigation":548,"order":599,"path":6341,"seo":6342,"stem":6343,"topic":6344,"__hash__":6345},"practicelyDsa\u002Fpracticely-dsa\u002Fheaps.md","Heaps uitgelegd: binaire heap, sift-up, sift-down en priority queues",{"type":7,"value":3455,"toc":6326},[3456,3470,3477,3481,3484,3502,3509,3512,3563,3570,3576,3589,3593,3596,3612,3618,3755,3767,3771,3774,3799,3805,3890,3896,3910,3912,5438,5442,5461,5472,5534,5544,5548,5564,5568,5571,6119,6153,6155,6224,6226,6277,6279,6323],[10,3457,3458,3459,3462,3463,3466,3467,3469],{},"Een hoop (",[14,3460,3461],{},"heap",") is een datastructuur die maar één ding heel goed doet: steeds het kleinste (of\ngrootste) element snel teruggeven. Daarmee is hij de motor achter elke prioriteitswachtrij\n(",[14,3464,3465],{},"priority queue","): de taakplanner van een besturingssysteem, het algoritme van Dijkstra\n(zie ",[19,3468,501],{"href":500},") en \"geef me de tien grootste waarden uit een miljoen\".",[10,3471,3472,3473,3476],{},"Op het tentamen krijg je bijna altijd een trace-opgave: \"voeg deze getallen in, hoe ziet de array\neruit?\" In sollicitaties is \"gebruik een heap\" het standaardantwoord op top-k-vragen. Op deze pagina\nwerken we met een ",[41,3474,3475],{},"min-heap",": het kleinste element staat bovenaan.",[33,3478,3480],{"id":3479},"een-volledige-boom-in-een-array","Een volledige boom in een array",[10,3482,3483],{},"Een binaire heap is een binaire boom met twee eigenschappen:",[3332,3485,3486,3496],{},[49,3487,3488,3491,3492,3495],{},[41,3489,3490],{},"Vorm:"," de boom is volledig (",[14,3493,3494],{},"complete","). Alle niveaus zijn vol, behalve misschien het onderste,\nen dat wordt van links naar rechts gevuld.",[49,3497,3498,3501],{},[41,3499,3500],{},"Heap-eigenschap:"," elke ouder is kleiner dan of gelijk aan zijn kinderen. De wortel is dus\naltijd het minimum.",[10,3503,3504,3505,3508],{},"Let op: tussen broers of tussen verschillende takken geldt ",[41,3506,3507],{},"geen"," volgorde. Een heap is niet\ngesorteerd.",[10,3510,3511],{},"Omdat de boom volledig is, hoef je geen pointers op te slaan. Je zet de knopen niveau voor niveau in\neen array (0-geïndexeerd), en rekent de familie uit:",[90,3513,3514,3524],{},[93,3515,3516],{},[96,3517,3518,3521],{},[99,3519,3520],{},"Gezocht",[99,3522,3523],{},"Formule",[109,3525,3526,3539,3551],{},[96,3527,3528,3534],{},[114,3529,3530,3531],{},"ouder van ",[28,3532,3533],{},"i",[114,3535,3536],{},[28,3537,3538],{},"⌊(i - 1) \u002F 2⌋",[96,3540,3541,3546],{},[114,3542,3543,3544],{},"linkerkind van ",[28,3545,3533],{},[114,3547,3548],{},[28,3549,3550],{},"2i + 1",[96,3552,3553,3558],{},[114,3554,3555,3556],{},"rechterkind van ",[28,3557,3533],{},[114,3559,3560],{},[28,3561,3562],{},"2i + 2",[10,3564,3565,3566,3569],{},"Voorbeeld: de array ",[28,3567,3568],{},"[1, 6, 2, 10, 13, 3, 5]"," is deze boom:",[215,3571,3574],{"className":3572,"code":3573,"language":220},[218]," 1 index 0\n \u002F \\\n 6 2 index 1, 2\n \u002F \\ \u002F \\\n 10 13 3 5 index 3, 4, 5, 6\n",[28,3575,3573],{"__ignoreMap":223},[10,3577,3578,3579,3581,3582,3585,3586,3588],{},"Het kind op index 4 (",[28,3580,204],{},") heeft als ouder ",[28,3583,3584],{},"⌊(4 - 1) \u002F 2⌋ = 1",", en dat is ",[28,3587,160],{},". Klopt.",[33,3590,3592],{"id":3591},"invoegen-met-sift-up","Invoegen met sift-up",[10,3594,3595],{},"Invoegen gaat in twee stappen:",[3332,3597,3598,3605],{},[49,3599,3600,3601,3604],{},"Zet het nieuwe element ",[41,3602,3603],{},"achteraan"," de array (de eerste vrije plek in de boom).",[49,3606,3607,3608,3611],{},"Laat het omhoog zakken (",[14,3609,3610],{},"sift-up","): zolang het kleiner is dan zijn ouder, wissel je ze om.",[10,3613,84,3614,3617],{},[28,3615,3616],{},"3, 6, 2, 10, 13, 1, 5"," in een lege min-heap in:",[90,3619,3620,3633],{},[93,3621,3622],{},[96,3623,3624,3627,3630],{},[99,3625,3626],{},"Stap",[99,3628,3629],{},"Actie",[99,3631,3632],{},"Array",[109,3634,3635,3647,3660,3672,3684,3696,3708,3720,3732,3744],{},[96,3636,3637,3639,3642],{},[114,3638,149],{},[114,3640,3641],{},"voeg 3 toe",[114,3643,3644],{},[28,3645,3646],{},"[3]",[96,3648,3649,3652,3655],{},[114,3650,3651],{},"2",[114,3653,3654],{},"voeg 6 toe, 6 > 3: klaar",[114,3656,3657],{},[28,3658,3659],{},"[3, 6]",[96,3661,3662,3664,3667],{},[114,3663,127],{},[114,3665,3666],{},"voeg 2 toe",[114,3668,3669],{},[28,3670,3671],{},"[3, 6, 2]",[96,3673,3674,3676,3679],{},[114,3675],{},[114,3677,3678],{},"2 \u003C ouder 3: wissel",[114,3680,3681],{},[28,3682,3683],{},"[2, 6, 3]",[96,3685,3686,3688,3691],{},[114,3687,182],{},[114,3689,3690],{},"voeg 10 toe, 10 > 6: klaar",[114,3692,3693],{},[28,3694,3695],{},"[2, 6, 3, 10]",[96,3697,3698,3700,3703],{},[114,3699,265],{},[114,3701,3702],{},"voeg 13 toe, 13 > 6: klaar",[114,3704,3705],{},[28,3706,3707],{},"[2, 6, 3, 10, 13]",[96,3709,3710,3712,3715],{},[114,3711,160],{},[114,3713,3714],{},"voeg 1 toe (index 5)",[114,3716,3717],{},[28,3718,3719],{},"[2, 6, 3, 10, 13, 1]",[96,3721,3722,3724,3727],{},[114,3723],{},[114,3725,3726],{},"1 \u003C ouder 3 (index 2): wissel",[114,3728,3729],{},[28,3730,3731],{},"[2, 6, 1, 10, 13, 3]",[96,3733,3734,3736,3739],{},[114,3735],{},[114,3737,3738],{},"1 \u003C ouder 2 (index 0): wissel",[114,3740,3741],{},[28,3742,3743],{},"[1, 6, 2, 10, 13, 3]",[96,3745,3746,3748,3751],{},[114,3747,193],{},[114,3749,3750],{},"voeg 5 toe (index 6), 5 > ouder 2: klaar",[114,3752,3753],{},[28,3754,3568],{},[10,3756,3757,3758,3760,3761,3764,3765,68],{},"Elke wissel brengt het element één niveau omhoog. Een boom met ",[28,3759,3125],{}," knopen heeft ongeveer ",[28,3762,3763],{},"log n","\nniveaus, dus invoegen kost hoogstens ",[28,3766,3220],{},[33,3768,3770],{"id":3769},"het-minimum-verwijderen-met-sift-down","Het minimum verwijderen met sift-down",[10,3772,3773],{},"Het minimum staat altijd op index 0. Het weghalen gaat zo:",[3332,3775,3776,3779,3786],{},[49,3777,3778],{},"Onthoud de wortel (dat is het antwoord).",[49,3780,3781,3782,3785],{},"Verplaats het ",[41,3783,3784],{},"laatste"," element naar de wortel en maak de array één korter.",[49,3787,3788,3789,3792,3793,3796,3797,68],{},"Laat het omlaag zakken (",[14,3790,3791],{},"sift-down","): wissel met het ",[41,3794,3795],{},"kleinste kind"," zolang dat kind kleiner is.\nZijn beide kinderen gelijk, kies dan het ",[41,3798,54],{},[10,3800,3801,3802,3804],{},"Vanaf ",[28,3803,3568],{}," halen we twee keer het minimum weg:",[90,3806,3807,3817],{},[93,3808,3809],{},[96,3810,3811,3813,3815],{},[99,3812,3626],{},[99,3814,3629],{},[99,3816,3632],{},[109,3818,3819,3831,3843,3855,3867,3879],{},[96,3820,3821,3823,3826],{},[114,3822,149],{},[114,3824,3825],{},"verwijder 1, laatste (5) naar de wortel",[114,3827,3828],{},[28,3829,3830],{},"[5, 6, 2, 10, 13, 3]",[96,3832,3833,3835,3838],{},[114,3834],{},[114,3836,3837],{},"kinderen 6 en 2, kleinste is 2 \u003C 5: wissel",[114,3839,3840],{},[28,3841,3842],{},"[2, 6, 5, 10, 13, 3]",[96,3844,3845,3847,3850],{},[114,3846],{},[114,3848,3849],{},"kind (index 5) is 3 \u003C 5: wissel",[114,3851,3852],{},[28,3853,3854],{},"[2, 6, 3, 10, 13, 5]",[96,3856,3857,3859,3862],{},[114,3858,3651],{},[114,3860,3861],{},"verwijder 2, laatste (5) naar de wortel",[114,3863,3864],{},[28,3865,3866],{},"[5, 6, 3, 10, 13]",[96,3868,3869,3871,3874],{},[114,3870],{},[114,3872,3873],{},"kinderen 6 en 3, kleinste is 3 \u003C 5: wissel",[114,3875,3876],{},[28,3877,3878],{},"[3, 6, 5, 10, 13]",[96,3880,3881,3883,3886],{},[114,3882],{},[114,3884,3885],{},"5 op index 2 heeft geen kinderen: klaar",[114,3887,3888],{},[28,3889,3878],{},[10,3891,3892,3893,3895],{},"Waarom met het ",[41,3894,341],{}," kind wisselen? Wissel je met het grootste, dan wordt dat de ouder van het\nkleinere kind, en is de heap-eigenschap direct kapot.",[10,3897,3898,3899,3902,3903,3906,3907,68],{},"Een gelijkspel ziet er zo uit: uit ",[28,3900,3901],{},"[1, 3, 3, 5]"," het minimum halen geeft eerst ",[28,3904,3905],{},"[5, 3, 3]",". Beide\nkinderen zijn 3, dus wissel je met het linker: ",[28,3908,3909],{},"[3, 5, 3]",[33,3911,510],{"id":28},[512,3913,3914,4687],{},[515,3915,3916],{"v-slot:python":223},[215,3917,3919],{"className":519,"code":3918,"language":521,"meta":223,"style":223},"class MinHeap:\n def __init__(self):\n self.a = []\n\n def voeg_toe(self, x):\n self.a.append(x) # achteraan\n i = len(self.a) - 1\n while i > 0: # sift-up\n ouder = (i - 1) \u002F\u002F 2\n if self.a[i] >= self.a[ouder]:\n break\n self.a[i], self.a[ouder] = self.a[ouder], self.a[i]\n i = ouder\n\n def verwijder_min(self):\n minimum = self.a[0]\n laatste = self.a.pop()\n if self.a:\n self.a[0] = laatste # laatste naar de wortel\n self._sift_down(0)\n return minimum\n\n def _sift_down(self, i):\n n = len(self.a)\n while True:\n links, rechts = 2 * i + 1, 2 * i + 2\n kleinste = i\n if links \u003C n and self.a[links] \u003C self.a[kleinste]:\n kleinste = links\n # strikt kleiner: bij gelijke kinderen blijft het linker gekozen\n if rechts \u003C n and self.a[rechts] \u003C self.a[kleinste]:\n kleinste = rechts\n if kleinste == i:\n return\n self.a[i], self.a[kleinste] = self.a[kleinste], self.a[i]\n i = kleinste\n\n\nh = MinHeap()\nfor x in [3, 6, 2, 10, 13, 1, 5]:\n h.voeg_toe(x)\nprint(h.a) # [1, 6, 2, 10, 13, 3, 5]\nprint(h.verwijder_min()) # 1\nprint(h.a) # [2, 6, 3, 10, 13, 5]\n",[28,3920,3921,3930,3942,3955,3959,3976,3998,4024,4041,4066,4100,4105,4159,4169,4173,4186,4206,4226,4238,4260,4275,4282,4286,4304,4323,4330,4367,4377,4419,4429,4434,4472,4481,4494,4499,4551,4560,4564,4568,4579,4619,4635,4652,4670],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,3922,3923,3925,3928],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,3924,561],{"class":560},[525,3926,3927],{"class":564}," MinHeap",[525,3929,569],{"class":568},[525,3931,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,3933,575],{"class":560},[525,3935,579],{"class":578},[525,3937,582],{"class":568},[525,3939,586],{"class":585},[525,3941,596],{"class":568},[525,3943,3944,3946,3948,3950,3952],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,3945,602],{"class":535},[525,3947,68],{"class":568},[525,3949,19],{"class":607},[525,3951,611],{"class":568},[525,3953,3954],{"class":568}," []\n",[525,3956,3957],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,3958,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,3960,3961,3963,3965,3967,3969,3971,3974],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,3962,575],{"class":560},[525,3964,662],{"class":578},[525,3966,582],{"class":568},[525,3968,586],{"class":585},[525,3970,589],{"class":568},[525,3972,3973],{"class":592}," x",[525,3975,596],{"class":568},[525,3977,3978,3980,3982,3984,3986,3988,3990,3993,3995],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,3979,602],{"class":535},[525,3981,68],{"class":568},[525,3983,19],{"class":607},[525,3985,68],{"class":568},[525,3987,1571],{"class":578},[525,3989,582],{"class":568},[525,3991,3992],{"class":578},"x",[525,3994,703],{"class":568},[525,3996,3997],{"class":706}," # achteraan\n",[525,3999,4000,4003,4005,4008,4010,4012,4014,4016,4018,4021],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,4001,4002],{"class":535}," i ",[525,4004,880],{"class":568},[525,4006,4007],{"class":578}," len",[525,4009,582],{"class":568},[525,4011,586],{"class":535},[525,4013,68],{"class":568},[525,4015,19],{"class":607},[525,4017,703],{"class":568},[525,4019,4020],{"class":568}," -",[525,4022,4023],{"class":1686}," 1\n",[525,4025,4026,4028,4031,4033,4036,4038],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,4027,1144],{"class":531},[525,4029,4030],{"class":535}," i ",[525,4032,767],{"class":568},[525,4034,4035],{"class":1686}," 0",[525,4037,2187],{"class":568},[525,4039,4040],{"class":706}," # sift-up\n",[525,4042,4043,4046,4048,4050,4053,4056,4058,4060,4063],{"class":527,"line":646},[525,4044,4045],{"class":535}," ouder ",[525,4047,880],{"class":568},[525,4049,334],{"class":568},[525,4051,4052],{"class":535},"i ",[525,4054,4055],{"class":568},"-",[525,4057,1701],{"class":1686},[525,4059,703],{"class":568},[525,4061,4062],{"class":568}," \u002F\u002F",[525,4064,4065],{"class":1686}," 2\n",[525,4067,4068,4070,4073,4075,4077,4080,4082,4084,4087,4089,4091,4093,4095,4098],{"class":527,"line":651},[525,4069,1617],{"class":531},[525,4071,4072],{"class":535}," self",[525,4074,68],{"class":568},[525,4076,19],{"class":607},[525,4078,4079],{"class":568},"[",[525,4081,3533],{"class":607},[525,4083,1283],{"class":568},[525,4085,4086],{"class":568}," >=",[525,4088,4072],{"class":535},[525,4090,68],{"class":568},[525,4092,19],{"class":607},[525,4094,4079],{"class":568},[525,4096,4097],{"class":607},"ouder",[525,4099,1729],{"class":568},[525,4101,4102],{"class":527,"line":656},[525,4103,4104],{"class":531}," break\n",[525,4106,4107,4110,4112,4114,4116,4118,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137,4139,4141,4143,4145,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155,4157],{"class":527,"line":676},[525,4108,4109],{"class":535}," self",[525,4111,68],{"class":568},[525,4113,19],{"class":607},[525,4115,4079],{"class":568},[525,4117,3533],{"class":607},[525,4119,4120],{"class":568},"],",[525,4122,4072],{"class":535},[525,4124,68],{"class":568},[525,4126,19],{"class":607},[525,4128,4079],{"class":568},[525,4130,4097],{"class":607},[525,4132,1283],{"class":568},[525,4134,611],{"class":568},[525,4136,4072],{"class":535},[525,4138,68],{"class":568},[525,4140,19],{"class":607},[525,4142,4079],{"class":568},[525,4144,4097],{"class":607},[525,4146,4120],{"class":568},[525,4148,4072],{"class":535},[525,4150,68],{"class":568},[525,4152,19],{"class":607},[525,4154,4079],{"class":568},[525,4156,3533],{"class":607},[525,4158,1471],{"class":568},[525,4160,4161,4164,4166],{"class":527,"line":691},[525,4162,4163],{"class":535}," i ",[525,4165,880],{"class":568},[525,4167,4168],{"class":535}," ouder\n",[525,4170,4171],{"class":527,"line":710},[525,4172,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,4174,4175,4177,4180,4182,4184],{"class":527,"line":730},[525,4176,575],{"class":560},[525,4178,4179],{"class":578}," verwijder_min",[525,4181,582],{"class":568},[525,4183,586],{"class":585},[525,4185,596],{"class":568},[525,4187,4188,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199,4201,4204],{"class":527,"line":759},[525,4189,4190],{"class":535}," minimum ",[525,4192,880],{"class":568},[525,4194,4072],{"class":535},[525,4196,68],{"class":568},[525,4198,19],{"class":607},[525,4200,4079],{"class":568},[525,4202,4203],{"class":1686},"0",[525,4205,1471],{"class":568},[525,4207,4208,4211,4213,4215,4217,4219,4221,4224],{"class":527,"line":778},[525,4209,4210],{"class":535}," laatste ",[525,4212,880],{"class":568},[525,4214,4072],{"class":535},[525,4216,68],{"class":568},[525,4218,19],{"class":607},[525,4220,68],{"class":568},[525,4222,4223],{"class":578},"pop",[525,4225,1560],{"class":568},[525,4227,4228,4230,4232,4234,4236],{"class":527,"line":805},[525,4229,1064],{"class":531},[525,4231,4072],{"class":535},[525,4233,68],{"class":568},[525,4235,19],{"class":607},[525,4237,569],{"class":568},[525,4239,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254,4257],{"class":527,"line":814},[525,4241,4109],{"class":535},[525,4243,68],{"class":568},[525,4245,19],{"class":607},[525,4247,4079],{"class":568},[525,4249,4203],{"class":1686},[525,4251,1283],{"class":568},[525,4253,611],{"class":568},[525,4255,4256],{"class":535}," laatste ",[525,4258,4259],{"class":706},"# laatste naar de wortel\n",[525,4261,4262,4264,4266,4269,4271,4273],{"class":527,"line":819},[525,4263,4109],{"class":535},[525,4265,68],{"class":568},[525,4267,4268],{"class":578},"_sift_down",[525,4270,582],{"class":568},[525,4272,4203],{"class":1686},[525,4274,756],{"class":568},[525,4276,4277,4279],{"class":527,"line":824},[525,4278,694],{"class":531},[525,4280,4281],{"class":535}," minimum\n",[525,4283,4284],{"class":527,"line":842},[525,4285,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,4287,4288,4290,4293,4295,4297,4299,4302],{"class":527,"line":874},[525,4289,575],{"class":560},[525,4291,4292],{"class":578}," _sift_down",[525,4294,582],{"class":568},[525,4296,586],{"class":585},[525,4298,589],{"class":568},[525,4300,4301],{"class":592}," i",[525,4303,596],{"class":568},[525,4305,4306,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321],{"class":527,"line":912},[525,4307,4308],{"class":535}," n ",[525,4310,880],{"class":568},[525,4312,4007],{"class":578},[525,4314,582],{"class":568},[525,4316,586],{"class":535},[525,4318,68],{"class":568},[525,4320,19],{"class":607},[525,4322,756],{"class":568},[525,4324,4325,4327],{"class":527,"line":919},[525,4326,1144],{"class":531},[525,4328,4329],{"class":568}," True:\n",[525,4331,4332,4335,4337,4340,4342,4345,4348,4350,4353,4355,4357,4359,4361,4363,4365],{"class":527,"line":924},[525,4333,4334],{"class":535}," links",[525,4336,589],{"class":568},[525,4338,4339],{"class":535}," rechts ",[525,4341,880],{"class":568},[525,4343,4344],{"class":1686}," 2",[525,4346,4347],{"class":568}," *",[525,4349,4030],{"class":535},[525,4351,4352],{"class":568},"+",[525,4354,1701],{"class":1686},[525,4356,589],{"class":568},[525,4358,4344],{"class":1686},[525,4360,4347],{"class":568},[525,4362,4030],{"class":535},[525,4364,4352],{"class":568},[525,4366,4065],{"class":1686},[525,4368,4369,4372,4374],{"class":527,"line":929},[525,4370,4371],{"class":535}," kleinste ",[525,4373,880],{"class":568},[525,4375,4376],{"class":535}," i\n",[525,4378,4379,4381,4384,4386,4389,4392,4394,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404,4407,4409,4411,4413,4415,4417],{"class":527,"line":947},[525,4380,1617],{"class":531},[525,4382,4383],{"class":535}," links ",[525,4385,718],{"class":568},[525,4387,4388],{"class":535}," n ",[525,4390,4391],{"class":568},"and",[525,4393,4072],{"class":535},[525,4395,68],{"class":568},[525,4397,19],{"class":607},[525,4399,4079],{"class":568},[525,4401,624],{"class":607},[525,4403,1283],{"class":568},[525,4405,4406],{"class":568}," \u003C",[525,4408,4072],{"class":535},[525,4410,68],{"class":568},[525,4412,19],{"class":607},[525,4414,4079],{"class":568},[525,4416,341],{"class":607},[525,4418,1729],{"class":568},[525,4420,4421,4424,4426],{"class":527,"line":958},[525,4422,4423],{"class":535}," kleinste ",[525,4425,880],{"class":568},[525,4427,4428],{"class":535}," links\n",[525,4430,4431],{"class":527,"line":965},[525,4432,4433],{"class":706}," # strikt kleiner: bij gelijke kinderen blijft het linker gekozen\n",[525,4435,4436,4438,4440,4442,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464,4466,4468,4470],{"class":527,"line":982},[525,4437,1617],{"class":531},[525,4439,4339],{"class":535},[525,4441,718],{"class":568},[525,4443,4388],{"class":535},[525,4445,4391],{"class":568},[525,4447,4072],{"class":535},[525,4449,68],{"class":568},[525,4451,19],{"class":607},[525,4453,4079],{"class":568},[525,4455,639],{"class":607},[525,4457,1283],{"class":568},[525,4459,4406],{"class":568},[525,4461,4072],{"class":535},[525,4463,68],{"class":568},[525,4465,19],{"class":607},[525,4467,4079],{"class":568},[525,4469,341],{"class":607},[525,4471,1729],{"class":568},[525,4473,4474,4476,4478],{"class":527,"line":1009},[525,4475,4423],{"class":535},[525,4477,880],{"class":568},[525,4479,4480],{"class":535}," rechts\n",[525,4482,4483,4485,4488,4490,4492],{"class":527,"line":1026},[525,4484,1617],{"class":531},[525,4486,4487],{"class":535}," kleinste ",[525,4489,1978],{"class":568},[525,4491,4301],{"class":535},[525,4493,569],{"class":568},[525,4495,4496],{"class":527,"line":1053},[525,4497,4498],{"class":531}," return\n",[525,4500,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549],{"class":527,"line":1061},[525,4502,4109],{"class":535},[525,4504,68],{"class":568},[525,4506,19],{"class":607},[525,4508,4079],{"class":568},[525,4510,3533],{"class":607},[525,4512,4120],{"class":568},[525,4514,4072],{"class":535},[525,4516,68],{"class":568},[525,4518,19],{"class":607},[525,4520,4079],{"class":568},[525,4522,341],{"class":607},[525,4524,1283],{"class":568},[525,4526,611],{"class":568},[525,4528,4072],{"class":535},[525,4530,68],{"class":568},[525,4532,19],{"class":607},[525,4534,4079],{"class":568},[525,4536,341],{"class":607},[525,4538,4120],{"class":568},[525,4540,4072],{"class":535},[525,4542,68],{"class":568},[525,4544,19],{"class":607},[525,4546,4079],{"class":568},[525,4548,3533],{"class":607},[525,4550,1471],{"class":568},[525,4552,4553,4555,4557],{"class":527,"line":1082},[525,4554,4163],{"class":535},[525,4556,880],{"class":568},[525,4558,4559],{"class":535}," kleinste\n",[525,4561,4562],{"class":527,"line":1094},[525,4563,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,4565,4566],{"class":527,"line":1112},[525,4567,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,4569,4570,4573,4575,4577],{"class":527,"line":1124},[525,4571,4572],{"class":535},"h ",[525,4574,880],{"class":568},[525,4576,3927],{"class":578},[525,4578,1560],{"class":568},[525,4580,4581,4583,4586,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596,4598,4600,4602,4604,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614,4617],{"class":527,"line":1141},[525,4582,1676],{"class":531},[525,4584,4585],{"class":535}," x ",[525,4587,466],{"class":531},[525,4589,1274],{"class":568},[525,4591,127],{"class":1686},[525,4593,589],{"class":568},[525,4595,1706],{"class":1686},[525,4597,589],{"class":568},[525,4599,4344],{"class":1686},[525,4601,589],{"class":568},[525,4603,1696],{"class":1686},[525,4605,589],{"class":568},[525,4607,1726],{"class":1686},[525,4609,589],{"class":568},[525,4611,1701],{"class":1686},[525,4613,589],{"class":568},[525,4615,4616],{"class":1686}," 5",[525,4618,1729],{"class":568},[525,4620,4621,4624,4626,4629,4631,4633],{"class":527,"line":1160},[525,4622,4623],{"class":535}," h",[525,4625,68],{"class":568},[525,4627,4628],{"class":578},"voeg_toe",[525,4630,582],{"class":568},[525,4632,3992],{"class":578},[525,4634,756],{"class":568},[525,4636,4637,4639,4641,4643,4645,4647,4649],{"class":527,"line":1174},[525,4638,1756],{"class":578},[525,4640,582],{"class":568},[525,4642,281],{"class":578},[525,4644,68],{"class":568},[525,4646,19],{"class":607},[525,4648,703],{"class":568},[525,4650,4651],{"class":706}," # [1, 6, 2, 10, 13, 3, 5]\n",[525,4653,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4665,4667],{"class":527,"line":1192},[525,4655,1756],{"class":578},[525,4657,582],{"class":568},[525,4659,281],{"class":578},[525,4661,68],{"class":568},[525,4663,4664],{"class":578},"verwijder_min",[525,4666,2984],{"class":568},[525,4668,4669],{"class":706}," # 1\n",[525,4671,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684],{"class":527,"line":1223},[525,4673,1756],{"class":578},[525,4675,582],{"class":568},[525,4677,281],{"class":578},[525,4679,68],{"class":568},[525,4681,19],{"class":607},[525,4683,703],{"class":568},[525,4685,4686],{"class":706}," # [2, 6, 3, 10, 13, 5]\n",[515,4688,4689],{"v-slot:java":223},[215,4690,4692],{"className":1776,"code":4691,"language":1778,"meta":223,"style":223},"import java.util.ArrayList;\nimport java.util.List;\n\nstatic class MinHeap {\n final List\u003CInteger> a = new ArrayList\u003C>();\n\n void voegToe(int x) {\n a.add(x); \u002F\u002F achteraan\n int i = a.size() - 1;\n while (i > 0) { \u002F\u002F sift-up\n int ouder = (i - 1) \u002F 2;\n if (a.get(i) >= a.get(ouder)) break;\n wissel(i, ouder);\n i = ouder;\n }\n }\n\n int verwijderMin() {\n int minimum = a.get(0);\n int laatste = a.remove(a.size() - 1);\n if (!a.isEmpty()) {\n a.set(0, laatste); \u002F\u002F laatste naar de wortel\n siftDown(0);\n }\n return minimum;\n }\n\n private void siftDown(int i) {\n int n = a.size();\n while (true) {\n int links = 2 * i + 1, rechts = 2 * i + 2, kleinste = i;\n if (links \u003C n && a.get(links) \u003C a.get(kleinste)) kleinste = links;\n \u002F\u002F strikt kleiner: bij gelijke kinderen blijft het linker gekozen\n if (rechts \u003C n && a.get(rechts) \u003C a.get(kleinste)) kleinste = rechts;\n if (kleinste == i) return;\n wissel(i, kleinste);\n i = kleinste;\n }\n }\n\n private void wissel(int i, int j) {\n int t = a.get(i);\n a.set(i, a.get(j));\n a.set(j, t);\n }\n}\n",[28,4693,4694,4710,4726,4730,4740,4764,4768,4785,4803,4829,4849,4876,4914,4930,4940,4945,4949,4953,4964,4985,5017,5033,5057,5068,5072,5081,5085,5089,5109,5125,5134,5178,5227,5232,5280,5299,5314,5324,5328,5332,5336,5362,5383,5411,5430,5434],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,4695,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,4697,539],{"class":1686},[525,4699,1787],{"class":560},[525,4701,68],{"class":568},[525,4703,1792],{"class":560},[525,4705,68],{"class":568},[525,4707,1815],{"class":560},[525,4709,1800],{"class":568},[525,4711,4712,4714,4716,4718,4720,4722,4724],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,4713,539],{"class":1686},[525,4715,1787],{"class":560},[525,4717,68],{"class":568},[525,4719,1792],{"class":560},[525,4721,68],{"class":568},[525,4723,1849],{"class":560},[525,4725,1800],{"class":568},[525,4727,4728],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,4729,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,4731,4732,4734,4736,4738],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,4733,1860],{"class":560},[525,4735,1863],{"class":560},[525,4737,3927],{"class":564},[525,4739,1868],{"class":568},[525,4741,4742,4745,4747,4749,4751,4753,4756,4758,4760,4762],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,4743,4744],{"class":560}," final",[525,4746,2556],{"class":560},[525,4748,718],{"class":568},[525,4750,2561],{"class":560},[525,4752,767],{"class":568},[525,4754,4755],{"class":535}," a ",[525,4757,880],{"class":568},[525,4759,1987],{"class":531},[525,4761,2917],{"class":560},[525,4763,2920],{"class":568},[525,4765,4766],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,4767,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,4769,4770,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,4771,4772],{"class":560}," void",[525,4774,1948],{"class":578},[525,4776,582],{"class":568},[525,4778,1905],{"class":560},[525,4780,3973],{"class":592},[525,4782,703],{"class":568},[525,4784,1868],{"class":568},[525,4786,4787,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,4788,4789],{"class":535}," a",[525,4791,68],{"class":568},[525,4793,2597],{"class":578},[525,4795,582],{"class":568},[525,4797,3992],{"class":535},[525,4799,1996],{"class":568},[525,4801,4802],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F achteraan\n",[525,4804,4805,4808,4810,4812,4815,4817,4820,4823,4825,4827],{"class":527,"line":646},[525,4806,4807],{"class":560}," int",[525,4809,4030],{"class":535},[525,4811,880],{"class":568},[525,4813,4814],{"class":535}," a",[525,4816,68],{"class":568},[525,4818,4819],{"class":578},"size",[525,4821,4822],{"class":568},"()",[525,4824,4020],{"class":568},[525,4826,1701],{"class":1686},[525,4828,1800],{"class":568},[525,4830,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4846],{"class":527,"line":651},[525,4832,1144],{"class":531},[525,4834,334],{"class":568},[525,4836,4052],{"class":535},[525,4838,767],{"class":568},[525,4840,4035],{"class":1686},[525,4842,703],{"class":568},[525,4844,4845],{"class":568}," {",[525,4847,4848],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F sift-up\n",[525,4850,4851,4854,4857,4859,4861,4863,4865,4867,4869,4872,4874],{"class":527,"line":656},[525,4852,4853],{"class":560}," int",[525,4855,4856],{"class":535}," ouder ",[525,4858,880],{"class":568},[525,4860,334],{"class":568},[525,4862,4052],{"class":535},[525,4864,4055],{"class":568},[525,4866,1701],{"class":1686},[525,4868,703],{"class":568},[525,4870,4871],{"class":568}," \u002F",[525,4873,4344],{"class":1686},[525,4875,1800],{"class":568},[525,4877,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4909,4912],{"class":527,"line":676},[525,4879,1617],{"class":531},[525,4881,334],{"class":568},[525,4883,19],{"class":535},[525,4885,68],{"class":568},[525,4887,4888],{"class":578},"get",[525,4890,582],{"class":568},[525,4892,3533],{"class":535},[525,4894,703],{"class":568},[525,4896,4086],{"class":568},[525,4898,4814],{"class":535},[525,4900,68],{"class":568},[525,4902,4888],{"class":578},[525,4904,582],{"class":568},[525,4906,4097],{"class":535},[525,4908,1768],{"class":568},[525,4910,4911],{"class":531}," break",[525,4913,1800],{"class":568},[525,4915,4916,4919,4921,4923,4925,4928],{"class":527,"line":691},[525,4917,4918],{"class":578}," wissel",[525,4920,582],{"class":568},[525,4922,3533],{"class":535},[525,4924,589],{"class":568},[525,4926,4927],{"class":535}," ouder",[525,4929,2043],{"class":568},[525,4931,4932,4934,4936,4938],{"class":527,"line":710},[525,4933,4163],{"class":535},[525,4935,880],{"class":568},[525,4937,4927],{"class":535},[525,4939,1800],{"class":568},[525,4941,4942],{"class":527,"line":730},[525,4943,4944],{"class":568}," }\n",[525,4946,4947],{"class":527,"line":759},[525,4948,1930],{"class":568},[525,4950,4951],{"class":527,"line":778},[525,4952,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,4954,4955,4957,4960,4962],{"class":527,"line":805},[525,4956,1873],{"class":560},[525,4958,4959],{"class":578}," verwijderMin",[525,4961,4822],{"class":568},[525,4963,1868],{"class":568},[525,4965,4966,4968,4971,4973,4975,4977,4979,4981,4983],{"class":527,"line":814},[525,4967,4807],{"class":560},[525,4969,4970],{"class":535}," minimum ",[525,4972,880],{"class":568},[525,4974,4814],{"class":535},[525,4976,68],{"class":568},[525,4978,4888],{"class":578},[525,4980,582],{"class":568},[525,4982,4203],{"class":1686},[525,4984,2043],{"class":568},[525,4986,4987,4989,4992,4994,4996,4998,5001,5003,5005,5007,5009,5011,5013,5015],{"class":527,"line":819},[525,4988,4807],{"class":560},[525,4990,4991],{"class":535}," laatste ",[525,4993,880],{"class":568},[525,4995,4814],{"class":535},[525,4997,68],{"class":568},[525,4999,5000],{"class":578},"remove",[525,5002,582],{"class":568},[525,5004,19],{"class":535},[525,5006,68],{"class":568},[525,5008,4819],{"class":578},[525,5010,4822],{"class":568},[525,5012,4020],{"class":568},[525,5014,1701],{"class":1686},[525,5016,2043],{"class":568},[525,5018,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031],{"class":527,"line":824},[525,5020,1064],{"class":531},[525,5022,2973],{"class":568},[525,5024,19],{"class":535},[525,5026,68],{"class":568},[525,5028,2981],{"class":578},[525,5030,2984],{"class":568},[525,5032,1868],{"class":568},[525,5034,5035,5038,5040,5043,5045,5047,5049,5052,5054],{"class":527,"line":842},[525,5036,5037],{"class":535}," a",[525,5039,68],{"class":568},[525,5041,5042],{"class":578},"set",[525,5044,582],{"class":568},[525,5046,4203],{"class":1686},[525,5048,589],{"class":568},[525,5050,5051],{"class":535}," laatste",[525,5053,1996],{"class":568},[525,5055,5056],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F laatste naar de wortel\n",[525,5058,5059,5062,5064,5066],{"class":527,"line":874},[525,5060,5061],{"class":578}," siftDown",[525,5063,582],{"class":568},[525,5065,4203],{"class":1686},[525,5067,2043],{"class":568},[525,5069,5070],{"class":527,"line":912},[525,5071,4944],{"class":568},[525,5073,5074,5076,5079],{"class":527,"line":919},[525,5075,694],{"class":531},[525,5077,5078],{"class":535}," minimum",[525,5080,1800],{"class":568},[525,5082,5083],{"class":527,"line":924},[525,5084,1930],{"class":568},[525,5086,5087],{"class":527,"line":929},[525,5088,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,5090,5091,5094,5096,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107],{"class":527,"line":947},[525,5092,5093],{"class":560}," private",[525,5095,2543],{"class":560},[525,5097,5098],{"class":578}," siftDown",[525,5100,582],{"class":568},[525,5102,1905],{"class":560},[525,5104,4301],{"class":592},[525,5106,703],{"class":568},[525,5108,1868],{"class":568},[525,5110,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121,5123],{"class":527,"line":958},[525,5112,4807],{"class":560},[525,5114,4388],{"class":535},[525,5116,880],{"class":568},[525,5118,4814],{"class":535},[525,5120,68],{"class":568},[525,5122,4819],{"class":578},[525,5124,3004],{"class":568},[525,5126,5127,5129,5132],{"class":527,"line":965},[525,5128,1144],{"class":531},[525,5130,5131],{"class":568}," (true)",[525,5133,1868],{"class":568},[525,5135,5136,5138,5140,5142,5144,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5170,5172,5174,5176],{"class":527,"line":982},[525,5137,4853],{"class":560},[525,5139,4383],{"class":535},[525,5141,880],{"class":568},[525,5143,4344],{"class":1686},[525,5145,4347],{"class":568},[525,5147,4030],{"class":535},[525,5149,4352],{"class":568},[525,5151,1701],{"class":1686},[525,5153,589],{"class":568},[525,5155,4339],{"class":535},[525,5157,880],{"class":568},[525,5159,4344],{"class":1686},[525,5161,4347],{"class":568},[525,5163,4030],{"class":535},[525,5165,4352],{"class":568},[525,5167,4344],{"class":1686},[525,5169,589],{"class":568},[525,5171,4487],{"class":535},[525,5173,880],{"class":568},[525,5175,4301],{"class":535},[525,5177,1800],{"class":568},[525,5179,5180,5182,5184,5186,5188,5190,5193,5195,5197,5199,5201,5203,5205,5207,5209,5211,5213,5215,5217,5219,5221,5223,5225],{"class":527,"line":1009},[525,5181,1617],{"class":531},[525,5183,334],{"class":568},[525,5185,2024],{"class":535},[525,5187,718],{"class":568},[525,5189,4388],{"class":535},[525,5191,5192],{"class":568},"&&",[525,5194,4814],{"class":535},[525,5196,68],{"class":568},[525,5198,4888],{"class":578},[525,5200,582],{"class":568},[525,5202,624],{"class":535},[525,5204,703],{"class":568},[525,5206,4406],{"class":568},[525,5208,4814],{"class":535},[525,5210,68],{"class":568},[525,5212,4888],{"class":578},[525,5214,582],{"class":568},[525,5216,341],{"class":535},[525,5218,1768],{"class":568},[525,5220,4487],{"class":535},[525,5222,880],{"class":568},[525,5224,1885],{"class":535},[525,5226,1800],{"class":568},[525,5228,5229],{"class":527,"line":1026},[525,5230,5231],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F strikt kleiner: bij gelijke kinderen blijft het linker gekozen\n",[525,5233,5234,5236,5238,5240,5242,5244,5246,5248,5250,5252,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5276,5278],{"class":527,"line":1053},[525,5235,1617],{"class":531},[525,5237,334],{"class":568},[525,5239,2070],{"class":535},[525,5241,718],{"class":568},[525,5243,4388],{"class":535},[525,5245,5192],{"class":568},[525,5247,4814],{"class":535},[525,5249,68],{"class":568},[525,5251,4888],{"class":578},[525,5253,582],{"class":568},[525,5255,639],{"class":535},[525,5257,703],{"class":568},[525,5259,4406],{"class":568},[525,5261,4814],{"class":535},[525,5263,68],{"class":568},[525,5265,4888],{"class":578},[525,5267,582],{"class":568},[525,5269,341],{"class":535},[525,5271,1768],{"class":568},[525,5273,4487],{"class":535},[525,5275,880],{"class":568},[525,5277,1890],{"class":535},[525,5279,1800],{"class":568},[525,5281,5282,5284,5286,5289,5291,5293,5295,5297],{"class":527,"line":1061},[525,5283,1617],{"class":531},[525,5285,334],{"class":568},[525,5287,5288],{"class":535},"kleinste ",[525,5290,1978],{"class":568},[525,5292,4301],{"class":535},[525,5294,703],{"class":568},[525,5296,1984],{"class":531},[525,5298,1800],{"class":568},[525,5300,5301,5303,5305,5307,5309,5312],{"class":527,"line":1082},[525,5302,4918],{"class":578},[525,5304,582],{"class":568},[525,5306,3533],{"class":535},[525,5308,589],{"class":568},[525,5310,5311],{"class":535}," kleinste",[525,5313,2043],{"class":568},[525,5315,5316,5318,5320,5322],{"class":527,"line":1094},[525,5317,4163],{"class":535},[525,5319,880],{"class":568},[525,5321,5311],{"class":535},[525,5323,1800],{"class":568},[525,5325,5326],{"class":527,"line":1112},[525,5327,4944],{"class":568},[525,5329,5330],{"class":527,"line":1124},[525,5331,1930],{"class":568},[525,5333,5334],{"class":527,"line":1141},[525,5335,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,5337,5338,5340,5342,5345,5347,5349,5351,5353,5355,5358,5360],{"class":527,"line":1160},[525,5339,5093],{"class":560},[525,5341,2543],{"class":560},[525,5343,5344],{"class":578}," wissel",[525,5346,582],{"class":568},[525,5348,1905],{"class":560},[525,5350,4301],{"class":592},[525,5352,589],{"class":568},[525,5354,1960],{"class":560},[525,5356,5357],{"class":592}," j",[525,5359,703],{"class":568},[525,5361,1868],{"class":568},[525,5363,5364,5366,5369,5371,5373,5375,5377,5379,5381],{"class":527,"line":1174},[525,5365,4807],{"class":560},[525,5367,5368],{"class":535}," t ",[525,5370,880],{"class":568},[525,5372,4814],{"class":535},[525,5374,68],{"class":568},[525,5376,4888],{"class":578},[525,5378,582],{"class":568},[525,5380,3533],{"class":535},[525,5382,2043],{"class":568},[525,5384,5385,5387,5389,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5408],{"class":527,"line":1192},[525,5386,4789],{"class":535},[525,5388,68],{"class":568},[525,5390,5042],{"class":578},[525,5392,582],{"class":568},[525,5394,3533],{"class":535},[525,5396,589],{"class":568},[525,5398,4814],{"class":535},[525,5400,68],{"class":568},[525,5402,4888],{"class":578},[525,5404,582],{"class":568},[525,5406,5407],{"class":535},"j",[525,5409,5410],{"class":568},"));\n",[525,5412,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421,5423,5425,5428],{"class":527,"line":1223},[525,5414,4789],{"class":535},[525,5416,68],{"class":568},[525,5418,5042],{"class":578},[525,5420,582],{"class":568},[525,5422,5407],{"class":535},[525,5424,589],{"class":568},[525,5426,5427],{"class":535}," t",[525,5429,2043],{"class":568},[525,5431,5432],{"class":527,"line":1230},[525,5433,1930],{"class":568},[525,5435,5436],{"class":527,"line":1235},[525,5437,1935],{"class":568},[33,5439,5441],{"id":5440},"heapify-een-hele-array-in-on","Heapify: een hele array in O(n)",[10,5443,5444,5445,5447,5448,5450,5451,5454,5455,5458,5459,68],{},"Heb je al een array, dan kun je de elementen één voor één invoegen: ",[28,5446,3125],{}," keer ",[28,5449,3220],{},". Het kan\nsneller. Bij heapify (",[14,5452,5453],{},"bottom-up heap construction",") roep je sift-down aan op elke knoop die kinderen\nheeft, van achter naar voren: van index ",[28,5456,5457],{},"⌊n\u002F2⌋ - 1"," terug naar ",[28,5460,4203],{},[10,5462,5463,5464,5467,5468,5471],{},"Voor ",[28,5465,5466],{},"[9, 4, 7, 1, 8, 2, 6]"," (dus ",[28,5469,5470],{},"n = 7",", start bij index 2):",[90,5473,5474,5485],{},[93,5475,5476],{},[96,5477,5478,5480,5483],{},[99,5479,3626],{},[99,5481,5482],{},"Sift-down op",[99,5484,3632],{},[109,5486,5487,5498,5510,5522],{},[96,5488,5489,5492,5494],{},[114,5490,5491],{},"start",[114,5493],{},[114,5495,5496],{},[28,5497,5466],{},[96,5499,5500,5502,5505],{},[114,5501,149],{},[114,5503,5504],{},"index 2 (7): wissel met kind 2",[114,5506,5507],{},[28,5508,5509],{},"[9, 4, 2, 1, 8, 7, 6]",[96,5511,5512,5514,5517],{},[114,5513,3651],{},[114,5515,5516],{},"index 1 (4): wissel met kind 1",[114,5518,5519],{},[28,5520,5521],{},"[9, 1, 2, 4, 8, 7, 6]",[96,5523,5524,5526,5529],{},[114,5525,127],{},[114,5527,5528],{},"index 0 (9): wissel met 1, daarna met 4",[114,5530,5531],{},[28,5532,5533],{},"[1, 4, 2, 9, 8, 7, 6]",[10,5535,5536,5537,5539,5540,5543],{},"Dit is ",[28,5538,3165],{}," en niet ",[28,5541,5542],{},"O(n log n)",", omdat de meeste knopen onderaan zitten en nauwelijks hoeven te\nzakken. De helft van de knopen zijn bladeren en zakken helemaal niet.",[33,5545,5547],{"id":5546},"heapsort","Heapsort",[10,5549,5550,5551,5553,5554,5556,5557,5559,5560,68],{},"Heapsort gebruikt dezelfde bouwstenen: maak met heapify een heap en haal dan ",[28,5552,3125],{}," keer de wortel weg.\nMet een min-heap komen de elementen er oplopend uit. De klassieke in-place variant gebruikt een\nmax-heap en zet het weggehaalde maximum steeds achteraan in dezelfde array. Heapsort is altijd\n",[28,5555,5542],{},", ook in het slechtste geval, en gebruikt ",[28,5558,3216],{}," extra geheugen, maar is niet stabiel.\nMeer over sorteeralgoritmen lees je bij ",[19,5561,5563],{"href":5562},"\u002Fpracticely\u002Fdsa\u002Fsorteren","sorteren",[33,5565,5567],{"id":5566},"priority-queues-in-python-en-java","Priority queues in Python en Java",[10,5569,5570],{},"In de praktijk gebruik je de ingebouwde heap.",[512,5572,5573,5831],{},[515,5574,5575],{"v-slot:python":223},[215,5576,5578],{"className":519,"code":5577,"language":521,"meta":223,"style":223},"import heapq\n\ntaken = []\nheapq.heappush(taken, (2, \"mail beantwoorden\"))\nheapq.heappush(taken, (1, \"server herstarten\"))\nheapq.heappush(taken, (3, \"koffie halen\"))\n\nwhile taken:\n prioriteit, taak = heapq.heappop(taken) # kleinste prioriteit eerst\n print(prioriteit, taak)\n\n# een bestaande lijst in O(n) omzetten\ngetallen = [9, 4, 7, 1, 8, 2, 6]\nheapq.heapify(getallen)\nprint(getallen) # [1, 4, 2, 9, 8, 7, 6]\n",[28,5579,5580,5587,5591,5600,5636,5665,5694,5698,5708,5737,5754,5758,5763,5802,5818],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,5581,5582,5584],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,5583,539],{"class":531},[525,5585,5586],{"class":535}," heapq\n",[525,5588,5589],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,5590,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,5592,5593,5596,5598],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,5594,5595],{"class":535},"taken ",[525,5597,880],{"class":568},[525,5599,3954],{"class":568},[525,5601,5602,5605,5607,5610,5612,5615,5617,5619,5621,5623,5626,5630,5633],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,5603,5604],{"class":535},"heapq",[525,5606,68],{"class":568},[525,5608,5609],{"class":578},"heappush",[525,5611,582],{"class":568},[525,5613,5614],{"class":578},"taken",[525,5616,589],{"class":568},[525,5618,334],{"class":568},[525,5620,3651],{"class":1686},[525,5622,589],{"class":568},[525,5624,5625],{"class":568}," \"",[525,5627,5629],{"class":5628},"sfazB","mail beantwoorden",[525,5631,5632],{"class":568},"\"",[525,5634,5635],{"class":568},"))\n",[525,5637,5638,5640,5642,5644,5646,5648,5650,5652,5654,5656,5658,5661,5663],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,5639,5604],{"class":535},[525,5641,68],{"class":568},[525,5643,5609],{"class":578},[525,5645,582],{"class":568},[525,5647,5614],{"class":578},[525,5649,589],{"class":568},[525,5651,334],{"class":568},[525,5653,149],{"class":1686},[525,5655,589],{"class":568},[525,5657,5625],{"class":568},[525,5659,5660],{"class":5628},"server herstarten",[525,5662,5632],{"class":568},[525,5664,5635],{"class":568},[525,5666,5667,5669,5671,5673,5675,5677,5679,5681,5683,5685,5687,5690,5692],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,5668,5604],{"class":535},[525,5670,68],{"class":568},[525,5672,5609],{"class":578},[525,5674,582],{"class":568},[525,5676,5614],{"class":578},[525,5678,589],{"class":568},[525,5680,334],{"class":568},[525,5682,127],{"class":1686},[525,5684,589],{"class":568},[525,5686,5625],{"class":568},[525,5688,5689],{"class":5628},"koffie halen",[525,5691,5632],{"class":568},[525,5693,5635],{"class":568},[525,5695,5696],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,5697,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,5699,5700,5703,5706],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,5701,5702],{"class":531},"while",[525,5704,5705],{"class":535}," taken",[525,5707,569],{"class":568},[525,5709,5710,5713,5715,5718,5720,5723,5725,5728,5730,5732,5734],{"class":527,"line":646},[525,5711,5712],{"class":535}," prioriteit",[525,5714,589],{"class":568},[525,5716,5717],{"class":535}," taak ",[525,5719,880],{"class":568},[525,5721,5722],{"class":535}," heapq",[525,5724,68],{"class":568},[525,5726,5727],{"class":578},"heappop",[525,5729,582],{"class":568},[525,5731,5614],{"class":578},[525,5733,703],{"class":568},[525,5735,5736],{"class":706}," # kleinste prioriteit eerst\n",[525,5738,5739,5742,5744,5747,5749,5752],{"class":527,"line":651},[525,5740,5741],{"class":578}," print",[525,5743,582],{"class":568},[525,5745,5746],{"class":578},"prioriteit",[525,5748,589],{"class":568},[525,5750,5751],{"class":578}," taak",[525,5753,756],{"class":568},[525,5755,5756],{"class":527,"line":656},[525,5757,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,5759,5760],{"class":527,"line":676},[525,5761,5762],{"class":706},"# een bestaande lijst in O(n) omzetten\n",[525,5764,5765,5768,5770,5772,5775,5777,5779,5781,5783,5785,5787,5789,5792,5794,5796,5798,5800],{"class":527,"line":691},[525,5766,5767],{"class":535},"getallen ",[525,5769,880],{"class":568},[525,5771,1274],{"class":568},[525,5773,5774],{"class":1686},"9",[525,5776,589],{"class":568},[525,5778,1716],{"class":1686},[525,5780,589],{"class":568},[525,5782,1721],{"class":1686},[525,5784,589],{"class":568},[525,5786,1701],{"class":1686},[525,5788,589],{"class":568},[525,5790,5791],{"class":1686}," 8",[525,5793,589],{"class":568},[525,5795,4344],{"class":1686},[525,5797,589],{"class":568},[525,5799,1706],{"class":1686},[525,5801,1471],{"class":568},[525,5803,5804,5806,5808,5811,5813,5816],{"class":527,"line":710},[525,5805,5604],{"class":535},[525,5807,68],{"class":568},[525,5809,5810],{"class":578},"heapify",[525,5812,582],{"class":568},[525,5814,5815],{"class":578},"getallen",[525,5817,756],{"class":568},[525,5819,5820,5822,5824,5826,5828],{"class":527,"line":730},[525,5821,1756],{"class":578},[525,5823,582],{"class":568},[525,5825,5815],{"class":578},[525,5827,703],{"class":568},[525,5829,5830],{"class":706}," # [1, 4, 2, 9, 8, 7, 6]\n",[515,5832,5833],{"v-slot:java":223},[215,5834,5836],{"className":1776,"code":5835,"language":1778,"meta":223,"style":223},"import java.util.PriorityQueue;\n\nstatic void prioriteiten() {\n \u002F\u002F min-heap op prioriteit; een int[] is {prioriteit, taaknummer}\n PriorityQueue\u003Cint[]> taken = new PriorityQueue\u003C>((x, y) -> Integer.compare(x[0], y[0]));\n taken.add(new int[] {2, 101});\n taken.add(new int[] {1, 102});\n taken.add(new int[] {3, 103});\n\n while (!taken.isEmpty()) {\n int[] t = taken.poll(); \u002F\u002F kleinste prioriteit eerst\n System.out.println(t[0] + \" \" + t[1]);\n }\n}\n",[28,5837,5838,5855,5859,5872,5877,5941,5972,5999,6026,6030,6046,6068,6111,6115],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,5839,5840,5842,5844,5846,5848,5850,5853],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,5841,539],{"class":1686},[525,5843,1787],{"class":560},[525,5845,68],{"class":568},[525,5847,1792],{"class":560},[525,5849,68],{"class":568},[525,5851,5852],{"class":560},"PriorityQueue",[525,5854,1800],{"class":568},[525,5856,5857],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,5858,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,5860,5861,5863,5865,5868,5870],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,5862,1860],{"class":560},[525,5864,2543],{"class":560},[525,5866,5867],{"class":578}," prioriteiten",[525,5869,4822],{"class":568},[525,5871,1868],{"class":568},[525,5873,5874],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,5875,5876],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F min-heap op prioriteit; een int[] is {prioriteit, taaknummer}\n",[525,5878,5879,5882,5884,5886,5889,5892,5894,5896,5899,5902,5904,5906,5909,5911,5914,5917,5919,5922,5924,5926,5928,5930,5932,5934,5936,5938],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,5880,5881],{"class":560}," PriorityQueue",[525,5883,718],{"class":568},[525,5885,1905],{"class":560},[525,5887,5888],{"class":568},"[]>",[525,5890,5891],{"class":535}," taken ",[525,5893,880],{"class":568},[525,5895,1987],{"class":531},[525,5897,5898],{"class":560}," PriorityQueue",[525,5900,5901],{"class":568},"\u003C>((",[525,5903,3992],{"class":535},[525,5905,589],{"class":568},[525,5907,5908],{"class":535}," y",[525,5910,703],{"class":568},[525,5912,5913],{"class":560}," ->",[525,5915,5916],{"class":535}," Integer",[525,5918,68],{"class":568},[525,5920,5921],{"class":578},"compare",[525,5923,582],{"class":568},[525,5925,3992],{"class":535},[525,5927,4079],{"class":568},[525,5929,4203],{"class":1686},[525,5931,4120],{"class":568},[525,5933,5908],{"class":535},[525,5935,4079],{"class":568},[525,5937,4203],{"class":1686},[525,5939,5940],{"class":568},"]));\n",[525,5942,5943,5946,5948,5950,5952,5955,5957,5960,5962,5964,5966,5969],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,5944,5945],{"class":535}," taken",[525,5947,68],{"class":568},[525,5949,2597],{"class":578},[525,5951,582],{"class":568},[525,5953,5954],{"class":531},"new",[525,5956,1960],{"class":560},[525,5958,5959],{"class":568},"[]",[525,5961,4845],{"class":568},[525,5963,3651],{"class":1686},[525,5965,589],{"class":568},[525,5967,5968],{"class":1686}," 101",[525,5970,5971],{"class":568},"});\n",[525,5973,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984,5986,5988,5990,5992,5994,5997],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,5975,5945],{"class":535},[525,5977,68],{"class":568},[525,5979,2597],{"class":578},[525,5981,582],{"class":568},[525,5983,5954],{"class":531},[525,5985,1960],{"class":560},[525,5987,5959],{"class":568},[525,5989,4845],{"class":568},[525,5991,149],{"class":1686},[525,5993,589],{"class":568},[525,5995,5996],{"class":1686}," 102",[525,5998,5971],{"class":568},[525,6000,6001,6003,6005,6007,6009,6011,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6024],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,6002,5945],{"class":535},[525,6004,68],{"class":568},[525,6006,2597],{"class":578},[525,6008,582],{"class":568},[525,6010,5954],{"class":531},[525,6012,1960],{"class":560},[525,6014,5959],{"class":568},[525,6016,4845],{"class":568},[525,6018,127],{"class":1686},[525,6020,589],{"class":568},[525,6022,6023],{"class":1686}," 103",[525,6025,5971],{"class":568},[525,6027,6028],{"class":527,"line":646},[525,6029,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,6031,6032,6034,6036,6038,6040,6042,6044],{"class":527,"line":651},[525,6033,845],{"class":531},[525,6035,2973],{"class":568},[525,6037,5614],{"class":535},[525,6039,68],{"class":568},[525,6041,2981],{"class":578},[525,6043,2984],{"class":568},[525,6045,1868],{"class":568},[525,6047,6048,6050,6052,6054,6056,6058,6060,6062,6065],{"class":527,"line":656},[525,6049,4807],{"class":560},[525,6051,5959],{"class":568},[525,6053,5368],{"class":535},[525,6055,880],{"class":568},[525,6057,5705],{"class":535},[525,6059,68],{"class":568},[525,6061,3001],{"class":578},[525,6063,6064],{"class":568},"();",[525,6066,6067],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F kleinste prioriteit eerst\n",[525,6069,6070,6073,6075,6078,6080,6083,6085,6088,6090,6092,6094,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108],{"class":527,"line":676},[525,6071,6072],{"class":535}," System",[525,6074,68],{"class":568},[525,6076,6077],{"class":535},"out",[525,6079,68],{"class":568},[525,6081,6082],{"class":578},"println",[525,6084,582],{"class":568},[525,6086,6087],{"class":535},"t",[525,6089,4079],{"class":568},[525,6091,4203],{"class":1686},[525,6093,1283],{"class":568},[525,6095,1286],{"class":568},[525,6097,5625],{"class":568},[525,6099,5625],{"class":568},[525,6101,1286],{"class":568},[525,6103,5427],{"class":535},[525,6105,4079],{"class":568},[525,6107,149],{"class":1686},[525,6109,6110],{"class":568},"]);\n",[525,6112,6113],{"class":527,"line":691},[525,6114,1930],{"class":568},[525,6116,6117],{"class":527,"line":710},[525,6118,1935],{"class":568},[10,6120,6121,6123,6124,6127,6128,6130,6131,6134,6135,6138,6139,6141,6142,278,6144,6147,6148,6150,6151,68],{},[28,6122,5604],{}," werkt op een gewone lijst en is altijd een min-heap; voor een max-heap sla je ",[28,6125,6126],{},"-x"," op. Java's\n",[28,6129,5852],{}," is standaard ook een min-heap; met ",[28,6132,6133],{},"Comparator.reverseOrder()"," maak je er een max-heap\nvan. Let op: ",[28,6136,6137],{},"heapq.heappop"," gebruikt intern een andere, snellere variant van sift-down. Het minimum\nklopt altijd, maar bij gelijke waarden kan de array er anders uitzien dan met de tentamenmethode\n(",[28,6140,3901],{}," wordt bij ",[28,6143,5604],{},[28,6145,6146],{},"[3, 3, 5]"," in plaats van ",[28,6149,3909],{},"). Traceer op het tentamen dus\nmet de hand, niet met ",[28,6152,5604],{},[33,6154,3235],{"id":3234},[90,6156,6157,6166],{},[93,6158,6159],{},[96,6160,6161,6163],{},[99,6162,3244],{},[99,6164,6165],{},"Tijd",[109,6167,6168,6177,6186,6195,6207,6215],{},[96,6169,6170,6173],{},[114,6171,6172],{},"Minimum bekijken",[114,6174,6175],{},[28,6176,3216],{},[96,6178,6179,6182],{},[114,6180,6181],{},"Invoegen (sift-up)",[114,6183,6184],{},[28,6185,3220],{},[96,6187,6188,6191],{},[114,6189,6190],{},"Minimum verwijderen (sift-down)",[114,6192,6193],{},[28,6194,3220],{},[96,6196,6197,6203],{},[114,6198,6199,6200,6202],{},"Heapify van ",[28,6201,3125],{}," elementen",[114,6204,6205],{},[28,6206,3165],{},[96,6208,6209,6211],{},[114,6210,5547],{},[114,6212,6213],{},[28,6214,5542],{},[96,6216,6217,6220],{},[114,6218,6219],{},"Willekeurig element zoeken",[114,6221,6222],{},[28,6223,3165],{},[33,6225,3330],{"id":3329},[3332,6227,6228,6237,6246,6263,6271],{},[49,6229,6230,6233,6234,6236],{},[41,6231,6232],{},"Met het verkeerde kind wisselen."," Bij sift-down wissel je met het ",[41,6235,341],{}," kind, niet met\nhet linker of met het eerste kind dat kleiner is dan de ouder. Bij gelijke kinderen: het linker.",[49,6238,6239,6242,6243,6245],{},[41,6240,6241],{},"De wortel weghalen en alles opschuiven."," Je verplaatst het ",[41,6244,3784],{}," element naar de wortel;\nde rest van de array blijft staan.",[49,6247,6248,6251,6252,467,6254,6256,6257,467,6260,6262],{},[41,6249,6250],{},"Verkeerde indexformules."," Bij een 0-geïndexeerde array zijn de kinderen ",[28,6253,3550],{},[28,6255,3562],{},".\nDe formules ",[28,6258,6259],{},"2i",[28,6261,3550],{}," horen bij een 1-geïndexeerde heap.",[49,6264,6265,278,6268,6270],{},[41,6266,6267],{},"Denken dat een heap gesorteerd is.",[28,6269,3568],{}," is een geldige heap, maar geen\ngesorteerde array.",[49,6272,6273,6276],{},[41,6274,6275],{},"Te vroeg stoppen met sift-up of sift-down."," Een element kan meerdere niveaus moeten verhuizen;\ncontroleer na elke wissel opnieuw.",[33,6278,3397],{"id":3396},[46,6280,6281,6288,6301,6306,6314],{},[49,6282,6283,6284,6287],{},"Een binaire min-heap is een volledige boom in een array waarin elke ouder ",[28,6285,6286],{},"≤"," zijn kinderen is.",[49,6289,6290,6291,354,6293,6296,6297,467,6299,68],{},"Ouder van ",[28,6292,3533],{},[28,6294,6295],{},"⌊(i - 1)\u002F2⌋",", kinderen zijn ",[28,6298,3550],{},[28,6300,3562],{},[49,6302,6303,6304,68],{},"Invoegen: achteraan toevoegen en sift-up. Minimum verwijderen: laatste naar de wortel en sift-down\nmet het kleinste kind (bij gelijkspel links). Beide ",[28,6305,3220],{},[49,6307,6308,6309,6311,6312,68],{},"Heapify bouwt een heap in ",[28,6310,3165],{},"; heapsort sorteert in ",[28,6313,5542],{},[49,6315,6316,6317,6319,6320,6322],{},"Gebruik in de praktijk ",[28,6318,5604],{}," (Python) of ",[28,6321,5852],{}," (Java) als prioriteitswachtrij.",[3424,6324,6325],{},"html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .s5tWE, html code.shiki .s5tWE{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#F07178;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .swJcz, html code.shiki .swJcz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html pre.shiki code .sHdIc, html code.shiki .sHdIc{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}",{"title":223,"searchDepth":545,"depth":545,"links":6327},[6328,6329,6330,6331,6332,6333,6334,6335,6336,6337],{"id":3479,"depth":545,"text":3480},{"id":3591,"depth":545,"text":3592},{"id":3769,"depth":545,"text":3770},{"id":28,"depth":545,"text":510},{"id":5440,"depth":545,"text":5441},{"id":5546,"depth":545,"text":5547},{"id":5566,"depth":545,"text":5567},{"id":3234,"depth":545,"text":3235},{"id":3329,"depth":545,"text":3330},{"id":3396,"depth":545,"text":3397},"Wat is een binaire heap? Leer invoegen met sift-up, het minimum verwijderen met sift-down, heapify en heapsort, stap voor stap met code in Python en Java.","i-lucide-triangle",{},"\u002Fpracticely-dsa\u002Fheaps",{"title":3453,"description":6338},"practicely-dsa\u002Fheaps","heaps","tehA8rYAMeP8QOZWDsroQdXlbmGCA7-KZP3piHQR8n0",{"id":6347,"title":6348,"body":6349,"description":11102,"extension":3442,"icon":11103,"meta":11104,"navigation":548,"order":632,"path":11105,"seo":11106,"stem":11107,"topic":501,"__hash__":11108},"practicelyDsa\u002Fpracticely-dsa\u002Fgrafen.md","Grafen uitgelegd: BFS, DFS, Dijkstra en topologisch sorteren",{"type":7,"value":6350,"toc":11091},[6351,6366,6369,6373,6444,6451,6454,6460,6464,6489,6548,6678,6754,6761,6765,6779,6784,6895,6908,6912,6922,6927,6996,7011,7014,8311,8315,8322,8338,8341,8347,8357,8514,8517,8552,8558,8561,9753,9757,9781,9784,9801,9804,9810,9813,9899,9909,10877,10879,10984,11009,11011,11063,11065,11088],[10,6352,6353,6354,6357,6358,6361,6362,6365],{},"Een graaf (",[14,6355,6356],{},"graph",") is een verzameling knopen (",[14,6359,6360],{},"vertices",") die met kanten (",[14,6363,6364],{},"edges",") verbonden zijn.\nDat klinkt abstract, maar bijna alles is een graaf: wegen tussen steden, vrienden op een sociaal\nnetwerk, links tussen webpagina's, vakken met hun voorkennis, of pakketten die van elkaar afhangen.",[10,6367,6368],{},"Wie grafen beheerst, kan een hele klasse problemen oplossen met een handvol algoritmen. Op het\ntentamen traceer je BFS, DFS en Dijkstra met de hand. In sollicitaties vermomt een graafprobleem zich\nvaak als iets anders (\"hoeveel eilanden staan er in dit raster?\"). En in de praktijk draaien\nrouteplanners, build-tools en package managers op precies deze algoritmen.",[33,6370,6372],{"id":6371},"begrippen","Begrippen",[46,6374,6375,6388,6400,6409,6418,6434],{},[49,6376,6377,334,6380,6383,6384,6387],{},[41,6378,6379],{},"Ongericht",[14,6381,6382],{},"undirected","): een kant ",[28,6385,6386],{},"A–B"," kun je in beide richtingen volgen (vriendschap).",[49,6389,6390,334,6393,6383,6396,6399],{},[41,6391,6392],{},"Gericht",[14,6394,6395],{},"directed",[28,6397,6398],{},"A → B"," heeft één richting (volgen op sociale media, \"A is\nvoorkennis voor B\").",[49,6401,6402,334,6405,6408],{},[41,6403,6404],{},"Gewogen",[14,6406,6407],{},"weighted","): elke kant heeft een getal, bijvoorbeeld een afstand of een reistijd.",[49,6410,6411,334,6414,6417],{},[41,6412,6413],{},"Buren",[14,6415,6416],{},"neighbours","): de knopen die met één kant bereikbaar zijn.",[49,6419,6420,334,6423,6426,6427,6430,6431,507],{},[41,6421,6422],{},"Graad",[14,6424,6425],{},"degree","): het aantal kanten aan een knoop. Bij een gerichte graaf onderscheid je\ningangsgraad (",[14,6428,6429],{},"in-degree",") en uitgangsgraad (",[14,6432,6433],{},"out-degree",[49,6435,6436,6439,6440,6443],{},[28,6437,6438],{},"V"," is het aantal knopen, ",[28,6441,6442],{},"E"," het aantal kanten.",[10,6445,6446,6447,6450],{},"Knopen noteren we als hoofdletters. ",[41,6448,6449],{},"Buren bekijk je altijd in alfabetische volgorde","; anders zijn\ner meerdere goede antwoorden op een traceervraag.",[10,6452,6453],{},"We gebruiken deze ongerichte graaf met zes knopen en zeven kanten:",[215,6455,6458],{"className":6456,"code":6457,"language":220},[218],"A --- B --- C\n| | |\nD --- E --- F\n",[28,6459,6457],{"__ignoreMap":223},[33,6461,6463],{"id":6462},"representatie-lijst-of-matrix","Representatie: lijst of matrix",[10,6465,6466,6467,334,6470,6473,6474,6477,6478,6481,6482,6485,6486,6488],{},"Een ",[41,6468,6469],{},"adjacency list",[14,6471,6472],{},"buurlijst",") slaat per knoop de lijst van buren op. Een ",[41,6475,6476],{},"adjacency matrix","\n(",[14,6479,6480],{},"buurmatrix",") is een ",[28,6483,6484],{},"V × V","-tabel met een ",[28,6487,149],{}," als er een kant is.",[90,6490,6491,6499],{},[93,6492,6493],{},[96,6494,6495,6497],{},[99,6496,1953],{},[99,6498,6413],{},[109,6500,6501,6509,6517,6525,6533,6540],{},[96,6502,6503,6506],{},[114,6504,6505],{},"A",[114,6507,6508],{},"B, D",[96,6510,6511,6514],{},[114,6512,6513],{},"B",[114,6515,6516],{},"A, C, E",[96,6518,6519,6522],{},[114,6520,6521],{},"C",[114,6523,6524],{},"B, F",[96,6526,6527,6530],{},[114,6528,6529],{},"D",[114,6531,6532],{},"A, E",[96,6534,6535,6537],{},[114,6536,6442],{},[114,6538,6539],{},"B, D, F",[96,6541,6542,6545],{},[114,6543,6544],{},"F",[114,6546,6547],{},"C, E",[90,6549,6550,6568],{},[93,6551,6552],{},[96,6553,6554,6556,6558,6560,6562,6564,6566],{},[99,6555],{},[99,6557,6505],{},[99,6559,6513],{},[99,6561,6521],{},[99,6563,6529],{},[99,6565,6442],{},[99,6567,6544],{},[109,6569,6570,6588,6606,6624,6642,6660],{},[96,6571,6572,6576,6578,6580,6582,6584,6586],{},[114,6573,6574],{},[41,6575,6505],{},[114,6577,4203],{},[114,6579,149],{},[114,6581,4203],{},[114,6583,149],{},[114,6585,4203],{},[114,6587,4203],{},[96,6589,6590,6594,6596,6598,6600,6602,6604],{},[114,6591,6592],{},[41,6593,6513],{},[114,6595,149],{},[114,6597,4203],{},[114,6599,149],{},[114,6601,4203],{},[114,6603,149],{},[114,6605,4203],{},[96,6607,6608,6612,6614,6616,6618,6620,6622],{},[114,6609,6610],{},[41,6611,6521],{},[114,6613,4203],{},[114,6615,149],{},[114,6617,4203],{},[114,6619,4203],{},[114,6621,4203],{},[114,6623,149],{},[96,6625,6626,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640],{},[114,6627,6628],{},[41,6629,6529],{},[114,6631,149],{},[114,6633,4203],{},[114,6635,4203],{},[114,6637,4203],{},[114,6639,149],{},[114,6641,4203],{},[96,6643,6644,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658],{},[114,6645,6646],{},[41,6647,6442],{},[114,6649,4203],{},[114,6651,149],{},[114,6653,4203],{},[114,6655,149],{},[114,6657,4203],{},[114,6659,149],{},[96,6661,6662,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674,6676],{},[114,6663,6664],{},[41,6665,6544],{},[114,6667,4203],{},[114,6669,4203],{},[114,6671,149],{},[114,6673,4203],{},[114,6675,149],{},[114,6677,4203],{},[90,6679,6680,6692],{},[93,6681,6682],{},[96,6683,6684,6686,6689],{},[99,6685],{},[99,6687,6688],{},"Adjacency list",[99,6690,6691],{},"Adjacency matrix",[109,6693,6694,6709,6726,6743],{},[96,6695,6696,6699,6704],{},[114,6697,6698],{},"Geheugen",[114,6700,6701],{},[28,6702,6703],{},"O(V + E)",[114,6705,6706],{},[28,6707,6708],{},"O(V²)",[96,6710,6711,6717,6722],{},[114,6712,6713,6714,2178],{},"Bestaat kant ",[28,6715,6716],{},"u–v",[114,6718,6719],{},[28,6720,6721],{},"O(graad van u)",[114,6723,6724],{},[28,6725,3216],{},[96,6727,6728,6734,6738],{},[114,6729,6730,6731],{},"Alle buren van ",[28,6732,6733],{},"u",[114,6735,6736],{},[28,6737,6721],{},[114,6739,6740],{},[28,6741,6742],{},"O(V)",[96,6744,6745,6748,6751],{},[114,6746,6747],{},"Geschikt voor",[114,6749,6750],{},"ijle grafen (weinig kanten)",[114,6752,6753],{},"dichte grafen",[10,6755,6756,6757,6760],{},"De meeste echte grafen zijn ijl (",[14,6758,6759],{},"sparse","): een wegennet heeft miljoenen kruispunten, maar elk\nkruispunt maar een paar wegen. Daarom is de adjacency list de standaard. Bij een ongerichte graaf\nstaat elke kant twee keer in de lijst (en is de matrix symmetrisch).",[33,6762,6764],{"id":6763},"breedte-eerst-zoeken-bfs","Breedte-eerst zoeken (BFS)",[10,6766,6767,6768,6771,6772,6774,6775,6778],{},"Breedte-eerst zoeken (",[14,6769,6770],{},"breadth-first search",") verkent de graaf in lagen: eerst de startknoop, dan\nalle buren, dan de buren daarvan. Het gebruikt een ",[19,6773,2976],{"href":505},".\nEen knoop telt als ",[41,6776,6777],{},"bezocht zodra hij in de wachtrij komt",", zodat hij er nooit twee keer in staat.",[10,6780,6781,6782,2187],{},"BFS vanaf ",[28,6783,6505],{},[90,6785,6786,6801],{},[93,6787,6788],{},[96,6789,6790,6792,6795,6798],{},[99,6791,3626],{},[99,6793,6794],{},"Haal uit wachtrij",[99,6796,6797],{},"Nieuwe buren erbij",[99,6799,6800],{},"Wachtrij daarna",[109,6802,6803,6816,6829,6843,6857,6870,6883],{},[96,6804,6805,6807,6809,6811],{},[114,6806,5491],{},[114,6808],{},[114,6810,6505],{},[114,6812,6813],{},[28,6814,6815],{},"[A]",[96,6817,6818,6820,6822,6824],{},[114,6819,149],{},[114,6821,6505],{},[114,6823,6508],{},[114,6825,6826],{},[28,6827,6828],{},"[B, D]",[96,6830,6831,6833,6835,6838],{},[114,6832,3651],{},[114,6834,6513],{},[114,6836,6837],{},"C, E (A is al bezocht)",[114,6839,6840],{},[28,6841,6842],{},"[D, C, E]",[96,6844,6845,6847,6849,6852],{},[114,6846,127],{},[114,6848,6529],{},[114,6850,6851],{},"geen (A, E al bezocht)",[114,6853,6854],{},[28,6855,6856],{},"[C, E]",[96,6858,6859,6861,6863,6865],{},[114,6860,182],{},[114,6862,6521],{},[114,6864,6544],{},[114,6866,6867],{},[28,6868,6869],{},"[E, F]",[96,6871,6872,6874,6876,6878],{},[114,6873,265],{},[114,6875,6442],{},[114,6877,3507],{},[114,6879,6880],{},[28,6881,6882],{},"[F]",[96,6884,6885,6887,6889,6891],{},[114,6886,160],{},[114,6888,6544],{},[114,6890,3507],{},[114,6892,6893],{},[28,6894,5959],{},[10,6896,6897,6898,6901,6902,6904,6905,6907],{},"Bezoekvolgorde: ",[41,6899,6900],{},"A, B, D, C, E, F",". In een ongewogen graaf vindt BFS de kortste route (in aantal\nkanten): ",[28,6903,6544],{}," ligt op afstand 3 van ",[28,6906,6505],{},", en BFS bereikt hem pas in de derde laag.",[33,6909,6911],{"id":6910},"diepte-eerst-zoeken-dfs","Diepte-eerst zoeken (DFS)",[10,6913,6914,6915,6918,6919,68],{},"Diepte-eerst zoeken (",[14,6916,6917],{},"depth-first search",") gaat zo diep mogelijk één kant op, en keert pas terug als\ner geen onbezochte buur meer is. Recursief is dat het natuurlijkst; de recursie werkt als een\n",[19,6920,6921],{"href":505},"stapel",[10,6923,6924,6925,2187],{},"DFS vanaf ",[28,6926,6505],{},[90,6928,6929,6941],{},[93,6930,6931],{},[96,6932,6933,6935,6938],{},[99,6934,3626],{},[99,6936,6937],{},"Bezoek",[99,6939,6940],{},"Waarom",[109,6942,6943,6951,6960,6969,6978,6987],{},[96,6944,6945,6947,6949],{},[114,6946,149],{},[114,6948,6505],{},[114,6950,5491],{},[96,6952,6953,6955,6957],{},[114,6954,3651],{},[114,6956,6513],{},[114,6958,6959],{},"eerste onbezochte buur van A",[96,6961,6962,6964,6966],{},[114,6963,127],{},[114,6965,6521],{},[114,6967,6968],{},"eerste onbezochte buur van B (A is al bezocht)",[96,6970,6971,6973,6975],{},[114,6972,182],{},[114,6974,6544],{},[114,6976,6977],{},"eerste onbezochte buur van C",[96,6979,6980,6982,6984],{},[114,6981,265],{},[114,6983,6442],{},[114,6985,6986],{},"eerste onbezochte buur van F (C al bezocht)",[96,6988,6989,6991,6993],{},[114,6990,160],{},[114,6992,6529],{},[114,6994,6995],{},"eerste onbezochte buur van E (B al bezocht)",[10,6997,6998,6999,7001,7002,7004,7005,7007,7008,68],{},"Daarna heeft ",[28,7000,6529],{}," geen onbezochte buren meer; de recursie keert helemaal terug naar ",[28,7003,6505],{},", waar ",[28,7006,6529],{}," nu al\nbezocht is. Bezoekvolgorde: ",[41,7009,7010],{},"A, B, C, F, E, D",[10,7012,7013],{},"Zelfde graaf, zelfde start, toch een andere volgorde dan BFS. DFS gebruik je voor het vinden van\ncycli, samenhangende componenten en doolhoven.",[512,7015,7016,7639],{},[515,7017,7018],{"v-slot:python":223},[215,7019,7021],{"className":519,"code":7020,"language":521,"meta":223,"style":223},"from collections import deque\n\ngraaf = {\n \"A\": [\"B\", \"D\"], \"B\": [\"A\", \"C\", \"E\"], \"C\": [\"B\", \"F\"],\n \"D\": [\"A\", \"E\"], \"E\": [\"B\", \"D\", \"F\"], \"F\": [\"C\", \"E\"],\n}\n\n\ndef bfs(graaf, start):\n bezocht = {start}\n wachtrij = deque([start])\n volgorde = []\n while wachtrij:\n u = wachtrij.popleft()\n volgorde.append(u)\n for v in sorted(graaf[u]): # buren alfabetisch\n if v not in bezocht:\n bezocht.add(v) # bezocht zodra hij in de wachtrij komt\n wachtrij.append(v)\n return volgorde\n\n\ndef dfs(graaf, u, bezocht=None, volgorde=None):\n if bezocht is None:\n bezocht, volgorde = set(), []\n bezocht.add(u)\n volgorde.append(u)\n for v in sorted(graaf[u]): # buren alfabetisch\n if v not in bezocht:\n dfs(graaf, v, bezocht, volgorde)\n return volgorde\n\n\nprint(bfs(graaf, \"A\")) # ['A', 'B', 'D', 'C', 'E', 'F']\nprint(dfs(graaf, \"A\")) # ['A', 'B', 'C', 'F', 'E', 'D']\n",[28,7022,7023,7033,7037,7046,7136,7224,7228,7232,7236,7255,7268,7284,7293,7301,7316,7331,7357,7374,7393,7407,7414,7418,7422,7451,7462,7482,7497,7512,7535,7549,7573,7579,7583,7587,7613],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,7024,7025,7027,7029,7031],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,7026,532],{"class":531},[525,7028,536],{"class":535},[525,7030,539],{"class":531},[525,7032,542],{"class":535},[525,7034,7035],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,7036,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,7038,7039,7042,7044],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,7040,7041],{"class":535},"graaf ",[525,7043,880],{"class":568},[525,7045,1868],{"class":568},[525,7047,7048,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7115,7117,7119,7121,7123,7125,7127,7129,7131,7133],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,7049,7050],{"class":568}," \"",[525,7052,6505],{"class":5628},[525,7054,5632],{"class":568},[525,7056,2187],{"class":568},[525,7058,1274],{"class":568},[525,7060,5632],{"class":568},[525,7062,6513],{"class":5628},[525,7064,5632],{"class":568},[525,7066,589],{"class":568},[525,7068,5625],{"class":568},[525,7070,6529],{"class":5628},[525,7072,5632],{"class":568},[525,7074,4120],{"class":568},[525,7076,5625],{"class":568},[525,7078,6513],{"class":5628},[525,7080,5632],{"class":568},[525,7082,2187],{"class":568},[525,7084,1274],{"class":568},[525,7086,5632],{"class":568},[525,7088,6505],{"class":5628},[525,7090,5632],{"class":568},[525,7092,589],{"class":568},[525,7094,5625],{"class":568},[525,7096,6521],{"class":5628},[525,7098,5632],{"class":568},[525,7100,589],{"class":568},[525,7102,5625],{"class":568},[525,7104,6442],{"class":5628},[525,7106,5632],{"class":568},[525,7108,4120],{"class":568},[525,7110,5625],{"class":568},[525,7112,6521],{"class":5628},[525,7114,5632],{"class":568},[525,7116,2187],{"class":568},[525,7118,1274],{"class":568},[525,7120,5632],{"class":568},[525,7122,6513],{"class":5628},[525,7124,5632],{"class":568},[525,7126,589],{"class":568},[525,7128,5625],{"class":568},[525,7130,6544],{"class":5628},[525,7132,5632],{"class":568},[525,7134,7135],{"class":568},"],\n",[525,7137,7138,7140,7142,7144,7146,7148,7150,7152,7154,7156,7158,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168,7170,7172,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182,7184,7186,7188,7190,7192,7194,7196,7198,7200,7202,7204,7206,7208,7210,7212,7214,7216,7218,7220,7222],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,7139,7050],{"class":568},[525,7141,6529],{"class":5628},[525,7143,5632],{"class":568},[525,7145,2187],{"class":568},[525,7147,1274],{"class":568},[525,7149,5632],{"class":568},[525,7151,6505],{"class":5628},[525,7153,5632],{"class":568},[525,7155,589],{"class":568},[525,7157,5625],{"class":568},[525,7159,6442],{"class":5628},[525,7161,5632],{"class":568},[525,7163,4120],{"class":568},[525,7165,5625],{"class":568},[525,7167,6442],{"class":5628},[525,7169,5632],{"class":568},[525,7171,2187],{"class":568},[525,7173,1274],{"class":568},[525,7175,5632],{"class":568},[525,7177,6513],{"class":5628},[525,7179,5632],{"class":568},[525,7181,589],{"class":568},[525,7183,5625],{"class":568},[525,7185,6529],{"class":5628},[525,7187,5632],{"class":568},[525,7189,589],{"class":568},[525,7191,5625],{"class":568},[525,7193,6544],{"class":5628},[525,7195,5632],{"class":568},[525,7197,4120],{"class":568},[525,7199,5625],{"class":568},[525,7201,6544],{"class":5628},[525,7203,5632],{"class":568},[525,7205,2187],{"class":568},[525,7207,1274],{"class":568},[525,7209,5632],{"class":568},[525,7211,6521],{"class":5628},[525,7213,5632],{"class":568},[525,7215,589],{"class":568},[525,7217,5625],{"class":568},[525,7219,6442],{"class":5628},[525,7221,5632],{"class":568},[525,7223,7135],{"class":568},[525,7225,7226],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,7227,1935],{"class":568},[525,7229,7230],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,7231,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,7233,7234],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,7235,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,7237,7238,7240,7243,7245,7248,7250,7253],{"class":527,"line":646},[525,7239,659],{"class":560},[525,7241,7242],{"class":578}," bfs",[525,7244,582],{"class":568},[525,7246,7247],{"class":592},"graaf",[525,7249,589],{"class":568},[525,7251,7252],{"class":592}," start",[525,7254,596],{"class":568},[525,7256,7257,7260,7262,7264,7266],{"class":527,"line":651},[525,7258,7259],{"class":535}," bezocht ",[525,7261,880],{"class":568},[525,7263,4845],{"class":568},[525,7265,5491],{"class":535},[525,7267,1935],{"class":568},[525,7269,7270,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281],{"class":527,"line":656},[525,7271,7272],{"class":535}," wachtrij ",[525,7274,880],{"class":568},[525,7276,1514],{"class":578},[525,7278,1517],{"class":568},[525,7280,5491],{"class":578},[525,7282,7283],{"class":568},"])\n",[525,7285,7286,7289,7291],{"class":527,"line":676},[525,7287,7288],{"class":535}," volgorde ",[525,7290,880],{"class":568},[525,7292,3954],{"class":568},[525,7294,7295,7297,7299],{"class":527,"line":691},[525,7296,845],{"class":531},[525,7298,1540],{"class":535},[525,7300,569],{"class":568},[525,7302,7303,7306,7308,7310,7312,7314],{"class":527,"line":710},[525,7304,7305],{"class":535}," u ",[525,7307,880],{"class":568},[525,7309,1540],{"class":535},[525,7311,68],{"class":568},[525,7313,1557],{"class":578},[525,7315,1560],{"class":568},[525,7317,7318,7321,7323,7325,7327,7329],{"class":527,"line":730},[525,7319,7320],{"class":535}," volgorde",[525,7322,68],{"class":568},[525,7324,1571],{"class":578},[525,7326,582],{"class":568},[525,7328,6733],{"class":578},[525,7330,756],{"class":568},[525,7332,7333,7335,7338,7340,7343,7345,7347,7349,7351,7354],{"class":527,"line":759},[525,7334,1587],{"class":531},[525,7336,7337],{"class":535}," v ",[525,7339,466],{"class":531},[525,7341,7342],{"class":578}," sorted",[525,7344,582],{"class":568},[525,7346,7247],{"class":578},[525,7348,4079],{"class":568},[525,7350,6733],{"class":578},[525,7352,7353],{"class":568},"]):",[525,7355,7356],{"class":706}," # buren alfabetisch\n",[525,7358,7359,7361,7363,7366,7369,7372],{"class":527,"line":778},[525,7360,1617],{"class":531},[525,7362,7337],{"class":535},[525,7364,7365],{"class":568},"not",[525,7367,7368],{"class":568}," in",[525,7370,7371],{"class":535}," bezocht",[525,7373,569],{"class":568},[525,7375,7376,7379,7381,7383,7385,7388,7390],{"class":527,"line":805},[525,7377,7378],{"class":535}," bezocht",[525,7380,68],{"class":568},[525,7382,2597],{"class":578},[525,7384,582],{"class":568},[525,7386,7387],{"class":578},"v",[525,7389,703],{"class":568},[525,7391,7392],{"class":706}," # bezocht zodra hij in de wachtrij komt\n",[525,7394,7395,7397,7399,7401,7403,7405],{"class":527,"line":814},[525,7396,1631],{"class":535},[525,7398,68],{"class":568},[525,7400,1571],{"class":578},[525,7402,582],{"class":568},[525,7404,7387],{"class":578},[525,7406,756],{"class":568},[525,7408,7409,7411],{"class":527,"line":819},[525,7410,808],{"class":531},[525,7412,7413],{"class":535}," volgorde\n",[525,7415,7416],{"class":527,"line":824},[525,7417,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,7419,7420],{"class":527,"line":842},[525,7421,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,7423,7424,7426,7429,7431,7433,7435,7438,7440,7442,7445,7448],{"class":527,"line":874},[525,7425,659],{"class":560},[525,7427,7428],{"class":578}," dfs",[525,7430,582],{"class":568},[525,7432,7247],{"class":592},[525,7434,589],{"class":568},[525,7436,7437],{"class":592}," u",[525,7439,589],{"class":568},[525,7441,7371],{"class":592},[525,7443,7444],{"class":568},"=None,",[525,7446,7447],{"class":592}," volgorde",[525,7449,7450],{"class":568},"=None):\n",[525,7452,7453,7455,7458,7460],{"class":527,"line":912},[525,7454,679],{"class":531},[525,7456,7457],{"class":535}," bezocht ",[525,7459,685],{"class":568},[525,7461,688],{"class":568},[525,7463,7464,7467,7469,7472,7474,7477,7480],{"class":527,"line":919},[525,7465,7466],{"class":535}," bezocht",[525,7468,589],{"class":568},[525,7470,7471],{"class":535}," volgorde ",[525,7473,880],{"class":568},[525,7475,7476],{"class":564}," set",[525,7478,7479],{"class":568},"(),",[525,7481,3954],{"class":568},[525,7483,7484,7487,7489,7491,7493,7495],{"class":527,"line":924},[525,7485,7486],{"class":535}," bezocht",[525,7488,68],{"class":568},[525,7490,2597],{"class":578},[525,7492,582],{"class":568},[525,7494,6733],{"class":578},[525,7496,756],{"class":568},[525,7498,7499,7502,7504,7506,7508,7510],{"class":527,"line":929},[525,7500,7501],{"class":535}," volgorde",[525,7503,68],{"class":568},[525,7505,1571],{"class":578},[525,7507,582],{"class":568},[525,7509,6733],{"class":578},[525,7511,756],{"class":568},[525,7513,7514,7517,7519,7521,7523,7525,7527,7529,7531,7533],{"class":527,"line":947},[525,7515,7516],{"class":531}," for",[525,7518,7337],{"class":535},[525,7520,466],{"class":531},[525,7522,7342],{"class":578},[525,7524,582],{"class":568},[525,7526,7247],{"class":578},[525,7528,4079],{"class":568},[525,7530,6733],{"class":578},[525,7532,7353],{"class":568},[525,7534,7356],{"class":706},[525,7536,7537,7539,7541,7543,7545,7547],{"class":527,"line":958},[525,7538,1064],{"class":531},[525,7540,7337],{"class":535},[525,7542,7365],{"class":568},[525,7544,7368],{"class":568},[525,7546,7371],{"class":535},[525,7548,569],{"class":568},[525,7550,7551,7554,7556,7558,7560,7563,7565,7567,7569,7571],{"class":527,"line":965},[525,7552,7553],{"class":578}," dfs",[525,7555,582],{"class":568},[525,7557,7247],{"class":578},[525,7559,589],{"class":568},[525,7561,7562],{"class":578}," v",[525,7564,589],{"class":568},[525,7566,7371],{"class":578},[525,7568,589],{"class":568},[525,7570,7447],{"class":578},[525,7572,756],{"class":568},[525,7574,7575,7577],{"class":527,"line":982},[525,7576,808],{"class":531},[525,7578,7413],{"class":535},[525,7580,7581],{"class":527,"line":1009},[525,7582,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,7584,7585],{"class":527,"line":1026},[525,7586,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,7588,7589,7591,7593,7596,7598,7600,7602,7604,7606,7608,7610],{"class":527,"line":1053},[525,7590,1756],{"class":578},[525,7592,582],{"class":568},[525,7594,7595],{"class":578},"bfs",[525,7597,582],{"class":568},[525,7599,7247],{"class":578},[525,7601,589],{"class":568},[525,7603,5625],{"class":568},[525,7605,6505],{"class":5628},[525,7607,5632],{"class":568},[525,7609,1768],{"class":568},[525,7611,7612],{"class":706}," # ['A', 'B', 'D', 'C', 'E', 'F']\n",[525,7614,7615,7617,7619,7622,7624,7626,7628,7630,7632,7634,7636],{"class":527,"line":1061},[525,7616,1756],{"class":578},[525,7618,582],{"class":568},[525,7620,7621],{"class":578},"dfs",[525,7623,582],{"class":568},[525,7625,7247],{"class":578},[525,7627,589],{"class":568},[525,7629,5625],{"class":568},[525,7631,6505],{"class":5628},[525,7633,5632],{"class":568},[525,7635,1768],{"class":568},[525,7637,7638],{"class":706}," # ['A', 'B', 'C', 'F', 'E', 'D']\n",[515,7640,7641],{"v-slot:java":223},[215,7642,7644],{"className":1776,"code":7643,"language":1778,"meta":223,"style":223},"import java.util.*;\n\nstatic List\u003CString> bfs(Map\u003CString, List\u003CString>> graaf, String start) {\n Set\u003CString> bezocht = new HashSet\u003C>(List.of(start));\n Deque\u003CString> wachtrij = new ArrayDeque\u003C>(List.of(start));\n List\u003CString> volgorde = new ArrayList\u003C>();\n while (!wachtrij.isEmpty()) {\n String u = wachtrij.poll();\n volgorde.add(u);\n List\u003CString> buren = new ArrayList\u003C>(graaf.get(u));\n Collections.sort(buren); \u002F\u002F buren alfabetisch\n for (String v : buren) {\n if (bezocht.add(v)) { \u002F\u002F bezocht zodra hij in de wachtrij komt\n wachtrij.add(v);\n }\n }\n }\n return volgorde;\n}\n\nstatic List\u003CString> dfs(Map\u003CString, List\u003CString>> graaf, String start) {\n List\u003CString> volgorde = new ArrayList\u003C>();\n dfsBezoek(graaf, start, new HashSet\u003C>(), volgorde);\n return volgorde;\n}\n\nprivate static void dfsBezoek(Map\u003CString, List\u003CString>> graaf, String u,\n Set\u003CString> bezocht, List\u003CString> volgorde) {\n bezocht.add(u);\n volgorde.add(u);\n List\u003CString> buren = new ArrayList\u003C>(graaf.get(u));\n Collections.sort(buren); \u002F\u002F buren alfabetisch\n for (String v : buren) {\n if (!bezocht.contains(v)) dfsBezoek(graaf, v, bezocht, volgorde);\n }\n}\n",[28,7645,7646,7663,7667,7716,7752,7784,7804,7820,7838,7852,7886,7906,7925,7949,7963,7968,7972,7976,7984,7988,7992,8036,8056,8082,8090,8094,8098,8140,8169,8183,8197,8229,8246,8264,8303,8307],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,7647,7648,7650,7652,7654,7656,7658,7661],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,7649,539],{"class":1686},[525,7651,1787],{"class":560},[525,7653,68],{"class":568},[525,7655,1792],{"class":560},[525,7657,68],{"class":568},[525,7659,7660],{"class":535},"*",[525,7662,1800],{"class":568},[525,7664,7665],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,7666,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,7668,7669,7671,7673,7675,7678,7680,7682,7684,7687,7689,7691,7693,7695,7697,7699,7702,7705,7707,7710,7712,7714],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,7670,1860],{"class":560},[525,7672,2556],{"class":560},[525,7674,718],{"class":568},[525,7676,7677],{"class":535},"String",[525,7679,767],{"class":568},[525,7681,7242],{"class":578},[525,7683,582],{"class":568},[525,7685,7686],{"class":560},"Map",[525,7688,718],{"class":568},[525,7690,7677],{"class":535},[525,7692,589],{"class":568},[525,7694,2556],{"class":560},[525,7696,718],{"class":568},[525,7698,7677],{"class":535},[525,7700,7701],{"class":568},">>",[525,7703,7704],{"class":535}," graaf",[525,7706,589],{"class":568},[525,7708,7709],{"class":560}," String",[525,7711,7252],{"class":535},[525,7713,703],{"class":568},[525,7715,1868],{"class":568},[525,7717,7718,7721,7723,7725,7727,7729,7731,7733,7736,7739,7741,7743,7746,7748,7750],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,7719,7720],{"class":560}," Set",[525,7722,718],{"class":568},[525,7724,7677],{"class":560},[525,7726,767],{"class":568},[525,7728,7457],{"class":535},[525,7730,880],{"class":568},[525,7732,1987],{"class":531},[525,7734,7735],{"class":560}," HashSet",[525,7737,7738],{"class":568},"\u003C>(",[525,7740,1849],{"class":535},[525,7742,68],{"class":568},[525,7744,7745],{"class":578},"of",[525,7747,582],{"class":568},[525,7749,5491],{"class":535},[525,7751,5410],{"class":568},[525,7753,7754,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778,7780,7782],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,7755,2925],{"class":560},[525,7757,718],{"class":568},[525,7759,7677],{"class":560},[525,7761,767],{"class":568},[525,7763,1506],{"class":535},[525,7765,880],{"class":568},[525,7767,1987],{"class":531},[525,7769,2940],{"class":560},[525,7771,7738],{"class":568},[525,7773,1849],{"class":535},[525,7775,68],{"class":568},[525,7777,7745],{"class":578},[525,7779,582],{"class":568},[525,7781,5491],{"class":535},[525,7783,5410],{"class":568},[525,7785,7786,7788,7790,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,7787,2901],{"class":560},[525,7789,718],{"class":568},[525,7791,7677],{"class":560},[525,7793,767],{"class":568},[525,7795,7471],{"class":535},[525,7797,880],{"class":568},[525,7799,1987],{"class":531},[525,7801,2917],{"class":560},[525,7803,2920],{"class":568},[525,7805,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,7807,845],{"class":531},[525,7809,2973],{"class":568},[525,7811,2976],{"class":535},[525,7813,68],{"class":568},[525,7815,2981],{"class":578},[525,7817,2984],{"class":568},[525,7819,1868],{"class":568},[525,7821,7822,7825,7828,7830,7832,7834,7836],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,7823,7824],{"class":560}," 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paden: Dijkstra",[10,8316,8317,8318,8321],{},"In een gewogen graaf is de route met de minste kanten niet altijd de kortste. Het algoritme van\nDijkstra vindt de kortste afstand van één startknoop naar alle andere knopen, zolang ",[41,8319,8320],{},"alle gewichten\nniet-negatief"," zijn.",[10,8323,8324,8325,8327,8328,8331,8332,8334,8335,507],{},"Het idee: houd voor elke knoop de beste bekende afstand bij (start op ",[28,8326,4203],{},", de rest op ",[28,8329,8330],{},"∞","). Kies\nsteeds de nog niet afgeronde knoop met de ",[41,8333,341],{}," afstand; die afstand is definitief. Bekijk dan\nzijn buren: is de route via deze knoop korter, verlaag dan hun afstand (",[14,8336,8337],{},"relaxatie",[10,8339,8340],{},"Dezelfde graaf, nu met gewichten:",[215,8342,8345],{"className":8343,"code":8344,"language":220},[218],"A --4-- B --3-- C\n| | |\n1 1 2\n| | |\nD --2-- E --5-- F\n",[28,8346,8344],{"__ignoreMap":223},[10,8348,8349,8350,8352,8353,8356],{},"Dijkstra vanaf ",[28,8351,6505],{}," (de tabel toont de afstanden ",[41,8354,8355],{},"na"," het verwerken van de gekozen knoop):",[90,8358,8359,8380],{},[93,8360,8361],{},[96,8362,8363,8365,8368,8370,8372,8374,8376,8378],{},[99,8364,3626],{},[99,8366,8367],{},"Kies (afstand)",[99,8369,6505],{},[99,8371,6513],{},[99,8373,6521],{},[99,8375,6529],{},[99,8377,6442],{},[99,8379,6544],{},[109,8381,8382,8400,8419,8438,8457,8476,8495],{},[96,8383,8384,8386,8388,8390,8392,8394,8396,8398],{},[114,8385,5491],{},[114,8387],{},[114,8389,4203],{},[114,8391,8330],{},[114,8393,8330],{},[114,8395,8330],{},[114,8397,8330],{},[114,8399,8330],{},[96,8401,8402,8404,8407,8409,8411,8413,8415,8417],{},[114,8403,149],{},[114,8405,8406],{},"A (0)",[114,8408,4203],{},[114,8410,182],{},[114,8412,8330],{},[114,8414,149],{},[114,8416,8330],{},[114,8418,8330],{},[96,8420,8421,8423,8426,8428,8430,8432,8434,8436],{},[114,8422,3651],{},[114,8424,8425],{},"D (1)",[114,8427,4203],{},[114,8429,182],{},[114,8431,8330],{},[114,8433,149],{},[114,8435,127],{},[114,8437,8330],{},[96,8439,8440,8442,8445,8447,8449,8451,8453,8455],{},[114,8441,127],{},[114,8443,8444],{},"E (3)",[114,8446,4203],{},[114,8448,182],{},[114,8450,8330],{},[114,8452,149],{},[114,8454,127],{},[114,8456,116],{},[96,8458,8459,8461,8464,8466,8468,8470,8472,8474],{},[114,8460,182],{},[114,8462,8463],{},"B (4)",[114,8465,4203],{},[114,8467,182],{},[114,8469,193],{},[114,8471,149],{},[114,8473,127],{},[114,8475,116],{},[96,8477,8478,8480,8483,8485,8487,8489,8491,8493],{},[114,8479,265],{},[114,8481,8482],{},"C (7)",[114,8484,4203],{},[114,8486,182],{},[114,8488,193],{},[114,8490,149],{},[114,8492,127],{},[114,8494,116],{},[96,8496,8497,8499,8502,8504,8506,8508,8510,8512],{},[114,8498,160],{},[114,8500,8501],{},"F (8)",[114,8503,4203],{},[114,8505,182],{},[114,8507,193],{},[114,8509,149],{},[114,8511,127],{},[114,8513,116],{},[10,8515,8516],{},"Twee momenten om op te letten:",[46,8518,8519,8536],{},[49,8520,8521,8522,8525,8526,8529,8530,8532,8533,8535],{},"In stap 3 levert de route ",[28,8523,8524],{},"A → D → E → B"," afstand ",[28,8527,8528],{},"3 + 1 = 4"," op. Dat is niet ",[41,8531,58],{}," dan de\nhuidige 4, dus ",[28,8534,6513],{}," verandert niet.",[49,8537,8538,8539,8525,8542,8545,8546,8548,8549,8551],{},"In stap 5 levert ",[28,8540,8541],{},"A → B → C → F",[28,8543,8544],{},"7 + 2 = 9"," op, langer dan de 8 via ",[28,8547,6442],{},". ",[28,8550,6544],{}," blijft 8.",[10,8553,8554,8555,68],{},"Antwoord (alfabetisch): ",[41,8556,8557],{},"A = 0, B = 4, C = 7, D = 1, E = 3, F = 8",[10,8559,8560],{},"Met negatieve gewichten werkt Dijkstra niet, omdat een \"definitieve\" afstand later toch nog korter\nkan worden. Daarvoor gebruik je Bellman-Ford.",[512,8562,8563,9180],{},[515,8564,8565],{"v-slot:python":223},[215,8566,8568],{"className":519,"code":8567,"language":521,"meta":223,"style":223},"import heapq\n\ngewogen = {\n \"A\": {\"B\": 4, \"D\": 1}, \"B\": {\"A\": 4, \"C\": 3, \"E\": 1},\n \"C\": {\"B\": 3, \"F\": 2}, \"D\": {\"A\": 1, \"E\": 2},\n \"E\": {\"B\": 1, \"D\": 2, \"F\": 5}, \"F\": {\"C\": 2, \"E\": 5},\n}\n\n\ndef dijkstra(graaf, start):\n afstand = {v: float(\"inf\") for v in graaf}\n afstand[start] = 0\n klaar = set()\n heap = [(0, start)] # (afstand, knoop)\n while heap:\n d, u = heapq.heappop(heap) # knoop met kleinste afstand\n if u in klaar:\n continue # verouderde invoer in de heap\n klaar.add(u)\n for v, gewicht in sorted(graaf[u].items()):\n if d + gewicht \u003C afstand[v]: # relaxatie\n afstand[v] = d + gewicht\n heapq.heappush(heap, (afstand[v], v))\n return dict(sorted(afstand.items()))\n\n\nprint(dijkstra(gewogen, \"A\"))\n# {'A': 0, 'B': 4, 'C': 7, 'D': 1, 'E': 3, 'F': 8}\n",[28,8569,8570,8576,8580,8589,8673,8743,8825,8829,8833,8837,8854,8892,8908,8919,8941,8950,8976,8989,8997,9012,9044,9070,9090,9120,9143,9147,9151,9175],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,8571,8572,8574],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,8573,539],{"class":531},[525,8575,5586],{"class":535},[525,8577,8578],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,8579,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,8581,8582,8585,8587],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,8583,8584],{"class":535},"gewogen ",[525,8586,880],{"class":568},[525,8588,1868],{"class":568},[525,8590,8591,8593,8595,8597,8599,8601,8603,8605,8607,8609,8611,8613,8615,8617,8619,8621,8623,8626,8628,8630,8632,8634,8636,8638,8640,8642,8644,8646,8648,8650,8652,8654,8656,8658,8660,8662,8664,8666,8668,8670],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,8592,7050],{"class":568},[525,8594,6505],{"class":5628},[525,8596,5632],{"class":568},[525,8598,2187],{"class":568},[525,8600,4845],{"class":568},[525,8602,5632],{"class":568},[525,8604,6513],{"class":5628},[525,8606,5632],{"class":568},[525,8608,2187],{"class":568},[525,8610,1716],{"class":1686},[525,8612,589],{"class":568},[525,8614,5625],{"class":568},[525,8616,6529],{"class":5628},[525,8618,5632],{"class":568},[525,8620,2187],{"class":568},[525,8622,1701],{"class":1686},[525,8624,8625],{"class":568},"},",[525,8627,5625],{"class":568},[525,8629,6513],{"class":5628},[525,8631,5632],{"class":568},[525,8633,2187],{"class":568},[525,8635,4845],{"class":568},[525,8637,5632],{"class":568},[525,8639,6505],{"class":5628},[525,8641,5632],{"class":568},[525,8643,2187],{"class":568},[525,8645,1716],{"class":1686},[525,8647,589],{"class":568},[525,8649,5625],{"class":568},[525,8651,6521],{"class":5628},[525,8653,5632],{"class":568},[525,8655,2187],{"class":568},[525,8657,1691],{"class":1686},[525,8659,589],{"class":568},[525,8661,5625],{"class":568},[525,8663,6442],{"class":5628},[525,8665,5632],{"class":568},[525,8667,2187],{"class":568},[525,8669,1701],{"class":1686},[525,8671,8672],{"class":568},"},\n",[525,8674,8675,8677,8679,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713,8715,8717,8719,8721,8723,8725,8727,8729,8731,8733,8735,8737,8739,8741],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,8676,7050],{"class":568},[525,8678,6521],{"class":5628},[525,8680,5632],{"class":568},[525,8682,2187],{"class":568},[525,8684,4845],{"class":568},[525,8686,5632],{"class":568},[525,8688,6513],{"class":5628},[525,8690,5632],{"class":568},[525,8692,2187],{"class":568},[525,8694,1691],{"class":1686},[525,8696,589],{"class":568},[525,8698,5625],{"class":568},[525,8700,6544],{"class":5628},[525,8702,5632],{"class":568},[525,8704,2187],{"class":568},[525,8706,4344],{"class":1686},[525,8708,8625],{"class":568},[525,8710,5625],{"class":568},[525,8712,6529],{"class":5628},[525,8714,5632],{"class":568},[525,8716,2187],{"class":568},[525,8718,4845],{"class":568},[525,8720,5632],{"class":568},[525,8722,6505],{"class":5628},[525,8724,5632],{"class":568},[525,8726,2187],{"class":568},[525,8728,1701],{"class":1686},[525,8730,589],{"class":568},[525,8732,5625],{"class":568},[525,8734,6442],{"class":5628},[525,8736,5632],{"class":568},[525,8738,2187],{"class":568},[525,8740,4344],{"class":1686},[525,8742,8672],{"class":568},[525,8744,8745,8747,8749,8751,8753,8755,8757,8759,8761,8763,8765,8767,8769,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779,8781,8783,8785,8787,8789,8791,8793,8795,8797,8799,8801,8803,8805,8807,8809,8811,8813,8815,8817,8819,8821,8823],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,8746,7050],{"class":568},[525,8748,6442],{"class":5628},[525,8750,5632],{"class":568},[525,8752,2187],{"class":568},[525,8754,4845],{"class":568},[525,8756,5632],{"class":568},[525,8758,6513],{"class":5628},[525,8760,5632],{"class":568},[525,8762,2187],{"class":568},[525,8764,1701],{"class":1686},[525,8766,589],{"class":568},[525,8768,5625],{"class":568},[525,8770,6529],{"class":5628},[525,8772,5632],{"class":568},[525,8774,2187],{"class":568},[525,8776,4344],{"class":1686},[525,8778,589],{"class":568},[525,8780,5625],{"class":568},[525,8782,6544],{"class":5628},[525,8784,5632],{"class":568},[525,8786,2187],{"class":568},[525,8788,4616],{"class":1686},[525,8790,8625],{"class":568},[525,8792,5625],{"class":568},[525,8794,6544],{"class":5628},[525,8796,5632],{"class":568},[525,8798,2187],{"class":568},[525,8800,4845],{"class":568},[525,8802,5632],{"class":568},[525,8804,6521],{"class":5628},[525,8806,5632],{"class":568},[525,8808,2187],{"class":568},[525,8810,4344],{"class":1686},[525,8812,589],{"class":568},[525,8814,5625],{"class":568},[525,8816,6442],{"class":5628},[525,8818,5632],{"class":568},[525,8820,2187],{"class":568},[525,8822,4616],{"class":1686},[525,8824,8672],{"class":568},[525,8826,8827],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,8828,1935],{"class":568},[525,8830,8831],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,8832,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,8834,8835],{"class":527,"line":646},[525,8836,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,8838,8839,8841,8844,8846,8848,8850,8852],{"class":527,"line":651},[525,8840,659],{"class":560},[525,8842,8843],{"class":578}," dijkstra",[525,8845,582],{"class":568},[525,8847,7247],{"class":592},[525,8849,589],{"class":568},[525,8851,7252],{"class":592},[525,8853,596],{"class":568},[525,8855,8856,8859,8861,8863,8865,8867,8870,8872,8874,8877,8879,8881,8884,8886,8888,8890],{"class":527,"line":656},[525,8857,8858],{"class":535}," afstand ",[525,8860,880],{"class":568},[525,8862,4845],{"class":568},[525,8864,7387],{"class":535},[525,8866,2187],{"class":568},[525,8868,8869],{"class":564}," float",[525,8871,582],{"class":568},[525,8873,5632],{"class":568},[525,8875,8876],{"class":5628},"inf",[525,8878,5632],{"class":568},[525,8880,703],{"class":568},[525,8882,8883],{"class":531}," for",[525,8885,7337],{"class":535},[525,8887,466],{"class":531},[525,8889,7704],{"class":535},[525,8891,1935],{"class":568},[525,8893,8894,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905],{"class":527,"line":676},[525,8895,8896],{"class":535}," afstand",[525,8898,4079],{"class":568},[525,8900,5491],{"class":535},[525,8902,1283],{"class":568},[525,8904,611],{"class":568},[525,8906,8907],{"class":1686}," 0\n",[525,8909,8910,8913,8915,8917],{"class":527,"line":691},[525,8911,8912],{"class":535}," klaar ",[525,8914,880],{"class":568},[525,8916,7476],{"class":564},[525,8918,1560],{"class":568},[525,8920,8921,8924,8926,8929,8931,8933,8935,8938],{"class":527,"line":710},[525,8922,8923],{"class":535}," heap ",[525,8925,880],{"class":568},[525,8927,8928],{"class":568}," [(",[525,8930,4203],{"class":1686},[525,8932,589],{"class":568},[525,8934,7252],{"class":535},[525,8936,8937],{"class":568},")]",[525,8939,8940],{"class":706}," # (afstand, knoop)\n",[525,8942,8943,8945,8948],{"class":527,"line":730},[525,8944,845],{"class":531},[525,8946,8947],{"class":535}," heap",[525,8949,569],{"class":568},[525,8951,8952,8955,8957,8959,8961,8963,8965,8967,8969,8971,8973],{"class":527,"line":759},[525,8953,8954],{"class":535}," d",[525,8956,589],{"class":568},[525,8958,7827],{"class":535},[525,8960,880],{"class":568},[525,8962,5722],{"class":535},[525,8964,68],{"class":568},[525,8966,5727],{"class":578},[525,8968,582],{"class":568},[525,8970,3461],{"class":578},[525,8972,703],{"class":568},[525,8974,8975],{"class":706}," # knoop met kleinste afstand\n",[525,8977,8978,8980,8982,8984,8987],{"class":527,"line":778},[525,8979,1064],{"class":531},[525,8981,7827],{"class":535},[525,8983,466],{"class":568},[525,8985,8986],{"class":535}," klaar",[525,8988,569],{"class":568},[525,8990,8991,8994],{"class":527,"line":805},[525,8992,8993],{"class":531}," continue",[525,8995,8996],{"class":706}," # verouderde invoer in de heap\n",[525,8998,8999,9002,9004,9006,9008,9010],{"class":527,"line":814},[525,9000,9001],{"class":535}," klaar",[525,9003,68],{"class":568},[525,9005,2597],{"class":578},[525,9007,582],{"class":568},[525,9009,6733],{"class":578},[525,9011,756],{"class":568},[525,9013,9014,9016,9018,9020,9023,9025,9027,9029,9031,9033,9035,9038,9041],{"class":527,"line":819},[525,9015,1587],{"class":531},[525,9017,7562],{"class":535},[525,9019,589],{"class":568},[525,9021,9022],{"class":535}," gewicht ",[525,9024,466],{"class":531},[525,9026,7342],{"class":578},[525,9028,582],{"class":568},[525,9030,7247],{"class":578},[525,9032,4079],{"class":568},[525,9034,6733],{"class":578},[525,9036,9037],{"class":568},"].",[525,9039,9040],{"class":578},"items",[525,9042,9043],{"class":568},"()):\n",[525,9045,9046,9048,9051,9053,9055,9057,9060,9062,9064,9067],{"class":527,"line":824},[525,9047,1617],{"class":531},[525,9049,9050],{"class":535}," d ",[525,9052,4352],{"class":568},[525,9054,9022],{"class":535},[525,9056,718],{"class":568},[525,9058,9059],{"class":535}," afstand",[525,9061,4079],{"class":568},[525,9063,7387],{"class":535},[525,9065,9066],{"class":568},"]:",[525,9068,9069],{"class":706}," # relaxatie\n",[525,9071,9072,9075,9077,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087],{"class":527,"line":842},[525,9073,9074],{"class":535}," afstand",[525,9076,4079],{"class":568},[525,9078,7387],{"class":535},[525,9080,1283],{"class":568},[525,9082,611],{"class":568},[525,9084,9050],{"class":535},[525,9086,4352],{"class":568},[525,9088,9089],{"class":535}," gewicht\n",[525,9091,9092,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107,9110,9112,9114,9116,9118],{"class":527,"line":874},[525,9093,9094],{"class":535}," heapq",[525,9096,68],{"class":568},[525,9098,5609],{"class":578},[525,9100,582],{"class":568},[525,9102,3461],{"class":578},[525,9104,589],{"class":568},[525,9106,334],{"class":568},[525,9108,9109],{"class":578},"afstand",[525,9111,4079],{"class":568},[525,9113,7387],{"class":578},[525,9115,4120],{"class":568},[525,9117,7562],{"class":578},[525,9119,5635],{"class":568},[525,9121,9122,9124,9127,9129,9132,9134,9136,9138,9140],{"class":527,"line":912},[525,9123,808],{"class":531},[525,9125,9126],{"class":564}," dict",[525,9128,582],{"class":568},[525,9130,9131],{"class":578},"sorted",[525,9133,582],{"class":568},[525,9135,9109],{"class":578},[525,9137,68],{"class":568},[525,9139,9040],{"class":578},[525,9141,9142],{"class":568},"()))\n",[525,9144,9145],{"class":527,"line":919},[525,9146,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,9148,9149],{"class":527,"line":924},[525,9150,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,9152,9153,9155,9157,9160,9162,9165,9167,9169,9171,9173],{"class":527,"line":929},[525,9154,1756],{"class":578},[525,9156,582],{"class":568},[525,9158,9159],{"class":578},"dijkstra",[525,9161,582],{"class":568},[525,9163,9164],{"class":578},"gewogen",[525,9166,589],{"class":568},[525,9168,5625],{"class":568},[525,9170,6505],{"class":5628},[525,9172,5632],{"class":568},[525,9174,5635],{"class":568},[525,9176,9177],{"class":527,"line":947},[525,9178,9179],{"class":706},"# {'A': 0, 'B': 4, 'C': 7, 'D': 1, 'E': 3, 'F': 8}\n",[515,9181,9182],{"v-slot:java":223},[215,9183,9185],{"className":1776,"code":9184,"language":1778,"meta":223,"style":223},"import java.util.*;\n\nrecord Item(int afstand, String knoop) {}\n\nstatic Map\u003CString, Integer> dijkstra(Map\u003CString, Map\u003CString, Integer>> graaf, String start) {\n Map\u003CString, Integer> afstand = new TreeMap\u003C>(); \u002F\u002F TreeMap: alfabetische volgorde\n for (String v : graaf.keySet()) afstand.put(v, Integer.MAX_VALUE);\n afstand.put(start, 0);\n Set\u003CString> klaar = new HashSet\u003C>();\n PriorityQueue\u003CItem> heap = new PriorityQueue\u003C>(\n Comparator.comparingInt(Item::afstand).thenComparing(Item::knoop));\n heap.add(new Item(0, start));\n while (!heap.isEmpty()) {\n Item it = heap.poll(); \u002F\u002F knoop met kleinste afstand\n if (!klaar.add(it.knoop())) continue; \u002F\u002F verouderde invoer in de heap\n for (Map.Entry\u003CString, Integer> kant : new TreeMap\u003C>(graaf.get(it.knoop())).entrySet()) {\n int nieuw = it.afstand() + kant.getValue();\n if (nieuw \u003C afstand.get(kant.getKey())) { \u002F\u002F relaxatie\n afstand.put(kant.getKey(), nieuw);\n heap.add(new Item(nieuw, kant.getKey()));\n }\n }\n }\n return afstand;\n}\n",[28,9186,9187,9203,9207,9232,9236,9289,9319,9362,9380,9401,9424,9458,9483,9499,9520,9553,9611,9641,9675,9698,9729,9733,9737,9741,9749],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,9188,9189,9191,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,9190,539],{"class":1686},[525,9192,1787],{"class":560},[525,9194,68],{"class":568},[525,9196,1792],{"class":560},[525,9198,68],{"class":568},[525,9200,7660],{"class":535},[525,9202,1800],{"class":568},[525,9204,9205],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,9206,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,9208,9209,9212,9215,9217,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,9210,9211],{"class":560},"record",[525,9213,9214],{"class":564}," Item",[525,9216,582],{"class":568},[525,9218,1905],{"class":560},[525,9220,9059],{"class":535},[525,9222,589],{"class":568},[525,9224,7709],{"class":560},[525,9226,721],{"class":535},[525,9228,703],{"class":568},[525,9230,9231],{"class":568}," {}\n",[525,9233,9234],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,9235,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,9237,9238,9240,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283,9285,9287],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,9239,1860],{"class":560},[525,9241,9242],{"class":560}," Map",[525,9244,718],{"class":568},[525,9246,7677],{"class":535},[525,9248,589],{"class":568},[525,9250,5916],{"class":535},[525,9252,767],{"class":568},[525,9254,8843],{"class":578},[525,9256,582],{"class":568},[525,9258,7686],{"class":560},[525,9260,718],{"class":568},[525,9262,7677],{"class":535},[525,9264,589],{"class":568},[525,9266,9242],{"class":560},[525,9268,718],{"class":568},[525,9270,7677],{"class":535},[525,9272,589],{"class":568},[525,9274,5916],{"class":535},[525,9276,7701],{"class":568},[525,9278,7704],{"class":535},[525,9280,589],{"class":568},[525,9282,7709],{"class":560},[525,9284,7252],{"class":535},[525,9286,703],{"class":568},[525,9288,1868],{"class":568},[525,9290,9291,9294,9296,9298,9300,9302,9304,9306,9308,9310,9313,9316],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,9292,9293],{"class":560}," Map",[525,9295,718],{"class":568},[525,9297,7677],{"class":560},[525,9299,589],{"class":568},[525,9301,5916],{"class":560},[525,9303,767],{"class":568},[525,9305,8525],{"class":535},[525,9307,880],{"class":568},[525,9309,1987],{"class":531},[525,9311,9312],{"class":560}," TreeMap",[525,9314,9315],{"class":568},"\u003C>();",[525,9317,9318],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F TreeMap: alfabetische volgorde\n",[525,9320,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9331,9333,9335,9338,9340,9342,9344,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9360],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,9322,7516],{"class":531},[525,9324,334],{"class":568},[525,9326,7677],{"class":560},[525,9328,7337],{"class":535},[525,9330,2187],{"class":531},[525,9332,7704],{"class":535},[525,9334,68],{"class":568},[525,9336,9337],{"class":578},"keySet",[525,9339,2984],{"class":568},[525,9341,9059],{"class":535},[525,9343,68],{"class":568},[525,9345,9346],{"class":578},"put",[525,9348,582],{"class":568},[525,9350,7387],{"class":535},[525,9352,589],{"class":568},[525,9354,5916],{"class":535},[525,9356,68],{"class":568},[525,9358,9359],{"class":535},"MAX_VALUE",[525,9361,2043],{"class":568},[525,9363,9364,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,9365,8896],{"class":535},[525,9367,68],{"class":568},[525,9369,9346],{"class":578},[525,9371,582],{"class":568},[525,9373,5491],{"class":535},[525,9375,589],{"class":568},[525,9377,4035],{"class":1686},[525,9379,2043],{"class":568},[525,9381,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390,9393,9395,9397,9399],{"class":527,"line":646},[525,9383,7720],{"class":560},[525,9385,718],{"class":568},[525,9387,7677],{"class":560},[525,9389,767],{"class":568},[525,9391,9392],{"class":535}," klaar ",[525,9394,880],{"class":568},[525,9396,1987],{"class":531},[525,9398,7735],{"class":560},[525,9400,2920],{"class":568},[525,9402,9403,9405,9407,9410,9412,9415,9417,9419,9421],{"class":527,"line":651},[525,9404,5881],{"class":560},[525,9406,718],{"class":568},[525,9408,9409],{"class":560},"Item",[525,9411,767],{"class":568},[525,9413,9414],{"class":535}," heap ",[525,9416,880],{"class":568},[525,9418,1987],{"class":531},[525,9420,5898],{"class":560},[525,9422,9423],{"class":568},"\u003C>(\n",[525,9425,9426,9429,9431,9434,9436,9438,9441,9443,9445,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456],{"class":527,"line":656},[525,9427,9428],{"class":535}," Comparator",[525,9430,68],{"class":568},[525,9432,9433],{"class":578},"comparingInt",[525,9435,582],{"class":568},[525,9437,9409],{"class":535},[525,9439,9440],{"class":531},"::",[525,9442,9109],{"class":535},[525,9444,507],{"class":568},[525,9446,9447],{"class":578},"thenComparing",[525,9449,582],{"class":568},[525,9451,9409],{"class":535},[525,9453,9440],{"class":531},[525,9455,667],{"class":535},[525,9457,5410],{"class":568},[525,9459,9460,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481],{"class":527,"line":676},[525,9461,9462],{"class":535}," heap",[525,9464,68],{"class":568},[525,9466,2597],{"class":578},[525,9468,582],{"class":568},[525,9470,5954],{"class":531},[525,9472,9214],{"class":578},[525,9474,582],{"class":568},[525,9476,4203],{"class":1686},[525,9478,589],{"class":568},[525,9480,7252],{"class":535},[525,9482,5410],{"class":568},[525,9484,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497],{"class":527,"line":691},[525,9486,845],{"class":531},[525,9488,2973],{"class":568},[525,9490,3461],{"class":535},[525,9492,68],{"class":568},[525,9494,2981],{"class":578},[525,9496,2984],{"class":568},[525,9498,1868],{"class":568},[525,9500,9501,9504,9507,9509,9511,9513,9515,9517],{"class":527,"line":710},[525,9502,9503],{"class":560}," Item",[525,9505,9506],{"class":535}," it ",[525,9508,880],{"class":568},[525,9510,8947],{"class":535},[525,9512,68],{"class":568},[525,9514,3001],{"class":578},[525,9516,6064],{"class":568},[525,9518,9519],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F knoop met kleinste afstand\n",[525,9521,9522,9524,9526,9529,9531,9533,9535,9538,9540,9542,9545,9548,9550],{"class":527,"line":730},[525,9523,1064],{"class":531},[525,9525,2973],{"class":568},[525,9527,9528],{"class":535},"klaar",[525,9530,68],{"class":568},[525,9532,2597],{"class":578},[525,9534,582],{"class":568},[525,9536,9537],{"class":535},"it",[525,9539,68],{"class":568},[525,9541,667],{"class":578},[525,9543,9544],{"class":568},"()))",[525,9546,9547],{"class":531}," continue",[525,9549,59],{"class":568},[525,9551,9552],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F verouderde invoer in de heap\n",[525,9554,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576,9579,9581,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9604,9607,9609],{"class":527,"line":759},[525,9556,1587],{"class":531},[525,9558,334],{"class":568},[525,9560,7686],{"class":560},[525,9562,68],{"class":568},[525,9564,9565],{"class":560},"Entry",[525,9567,718],{"class":568},[525,9569,7677],{"class":560},[525,9571,589],{"class":568},[525,9573,5916],{"class":560},[525,9575,767],{"class":568},[525,9577,9578],{"class":535}," kant ",[525,9580,2187],{"class":531},[525,9582,1987],{"class":531},[525,9584,9312],{"class":560},[525,9586,7738],{"class":568},[525,9588,7247],{"class":535},[525,9590,68],{"class":568},[525,9592,4888],{"class":578},[525,9594,582],{"class":568},[525,9596,9537],{"class":535},[525,9598,68],{"class":568},[525,9600,667],{"class":578},[525,9602,9603],{"class":568},"())).",[525,9605,9606],{"class":578},"entrySet",[525,9608,2984],{"class":568},[525,9610,1868],{"class":568},[525,9612,9613,9615,9618,9620,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631,9634,9636,9639],{"class":527,"line":778},[525,9614,4853],{"class":560},[525,9616,9617],{"class":535}," nieuw ",[525,9619,880],{"class":568},[525,9621,9622],{"class":535}," it",[525,9624,68],{"class":568},[525,9626,9109],{"class":578},[525,9628,4822],{"class":568},[525,9630,1286],{"class":568},[525,9632,9633],{"class":535}," kant",[525,9635,68],{"class":568},[525,9637,9638],{"class":578},"getValue",[525,9640,3004],{"class":568},[525,9642,9643,9645,9647,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9663,9665,9668,9670,9672],{"class":527,"line":805},[525,9644,1617],{"class":531},[525,9646,334],{"class":568},[525,9648,9649],{"class":535},"nieuw ",[525,9651,718],{"class":568},[525,9653,9059],{"class":535},[525,9655,68],{"class":568},[525,9657,4888],{"class":578},[525,9659,582],{"class":568},[525,9661,9662],{"class":535},"kant",[525,9664,68],{"class":568},[525,9666,9667],{"class":578},"getKey",[525,9669,9544],{"class":568},[525,9671,4845],{"class":568},[525,9673,9674],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F relaxatie\n",[525,9676,9677,9679,9681,9683,9685,9687,9689,9691,9693,9696],{"class":527,"line":814},[525,9678,9074],{"class":535},[525,9680,68],{"class":568},[525,9682,9346],{"class":578},[525,9684,582],{"class":568},[525,9686,9662],{"class":535},[525,9688,68],{"class":568},[525,9690,9667],{"class":578},[525,9692,7479],{"class":568},[525,9694,9695],{"class":535}," nieuw",[525,9697,2043],{"class":568},[525,9699,9700,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726],{"class":527,"line":819},[525,9701,9702],{"class":535}," heap",[525,9704,68],{"class":568},[525,9706,2597],{"class":578},[525,9708,582],{"class":568},[525,9710,5954],{"class":531},[525,9712,9214],{"class":578},[525,9714,582],{"class":568},[525,9716,9717],{"class":535},"nieuw",[525,9719,589],{"class":568},[525,9721,9633],{"class":535},[525,9723,68],{"class":568},[525,9725,9667],{"class":578},[525,9727,9728],{"class":568},"()));\n",[525,9730,9731],{"class":527,"line":824},[525,9732,7967],{"class":568},[525,9734,9735],{"class":527,"line":842},[525,9736,4944],{"class":568},[525,9738,9739],{"class":527,"line":874},[525,9740,1930],{"class":568},[525,9742,9743,9745,9747],{"class":527,"line":912},[525,9744,808],{"class":531},[525,9746,9059],{"class":535},[525,9748,1800],{"class":568},[525,9750,9751],{"class":527,"line":919},[525,9752,1935],{"class":568},[33,9754,9756],{"id":9755},"topologisch-sorteren-met-kahn","Topologisch sorteren met Kahn",[10,9758,9759,9760,9763,9764,463,9767,9770,9771,9774,9775,9777,9778,9780],{},"Een topologische sortering (",[14,9761,9762],{},"topological sort",") van een gerichte graaf zonder cycli (",[14,9765,9766],{},"DAG",[14,9768,9769],{},"directed\nacyclic graph",") is een volgorde waarin elke kant ",[28,9772,9773],{},"u → v"," van links naar rechts wijst: ",[28,9776,6733],{}," komt vóór\n",[28,9779,7387],{},". Denk aan vakken met voorkennis of build-stappen die van elkaar afhangen.",[10,9782,9783],{},"Het algoritme van Kahn werkt met ingangsgraden:",[3332,9785,9786,9789,9795,9798],{},[49,9787,9788],{},"Tel voor elke knoop de ingangsgraad (aantal inkomende kanten).",[49,9790,9791,9792,68],{},"Kies een knoop met ingangsgraad 0; zijn er meerdere, neem de ",[41,9793,9794],{},"alfabetisch kleinste",[49,9796,9797],{},"Zet hem in het resultaat en verlaag de ingangsgraad van elk van zijn opvolgers met 1.",[49,9799,9800],{},"Herhaal tot er geen knopen met ingangsgraad 0 meer zijn.",[10,9802,9803],{},"Voorbeeld met zes vakken en deze voorkennis-kanten:",[215,9805,9808],{"className":9806,"code":9807,"language":220},[218],"C → A C → D B → D A → E D → E E → F\n",[28,9809,9807],{"__ignoreMap":223},[10,9811,9812],{},"Ingangsgraden bij de start: A = 1, B = 0, C = 0, D = 2, E = 2, F = 1.",[90,9814,9815,9830],{},[93,9816,9817],{},[96,9818,9819,9821,9824,9827],{},[99,9820,3626],{},[99,9822,9823],{},"Kandidaten (ingangsgraad 0)",[99,9825,9826],{},"Kies",[99,9828,9829],{},"Gevolg",[109,9831,9832,9844,9855,9867,9878,9889],{},[96,9833,9834,9836,9839,9841],{},[114,9835,149],{},[114,9837,9838],{},"B, C",[114,9840,6513],{},[114,9842,9843],{},"D: 2 → 1",[96,9845,9846,9848,9850,9852],{},[114,9847,3651],{},[114,9849,6521],{},[114,9851,6521],{},[114,9853,9854],{},"A: 1 → 0, D: 1 → 0",[96,9856,9857,9859,9862,9864],{},[114,9858,127],{},[114,9860,9861],{},"A, D",[114,9863,6505],{},[114,9865,9866],{},"E: 2 → 1",[96,9868,9869,9871,9873,9875],{},[114,9870,182],{},[114,9872,6529],{},[114,9874,6529],{},[114,9876,9877],{},"E: 1 → 0",[96,9879,9880,9882,9884,9886],{},[114,9881,265],{},[114,9883,6442],{},[114,9885,6442],{},[114,9887,9888],{},"F: 1 → 0",[96,9890,9891,9893,9895,9897],{},[114,9892,160],{},[114,9894,6544],{},[114,9896,6544],{},[114,9898],{},[10,9900,9901,9902,9905,9906,9908],{},"Topologische volgorde: ",[41,9903,9904],{},"B, C, A, D, E, F",". Bevat de graaf een cyclus, dan komen de knopen in die\ncyclus nooit op ingangsgraad 0 en is het resultaat korter dan ",[28,9907,6438],{},". Zo detecteert Kahn meteen cycli.",[512,9910,9911,10391],{},[515,9912,9913],{"v-slot:python":223},[215,9914,9916],{"className":519,"code":9915,"language":521,"meta":223,"style":223},"import heapq\n\nvoorkennis = {\n \"A\": [\"E\"], \"B\": [\"D\"], \"C\": [\"A\", \"D\"],\n \"D\": [\"E\"], \"E\": [\"F\"], \"F\": [],\n}\n\n\ndef kahn(graaf):\n ingang = {v: 0 for v in graaf}\n for u in graaf:\n for v in graaf[u]:\n ingang[v] += 1\n klaar = [v for v in graaf if ingang[v] == 0]\n heapq.heapify(klaar) # min-heap: alfabetisch kleinste eerst\n volgorde = []\n while klaar:\n u = heapq.heappop(klaar)\n volgorde.append(u)\n for v in graaf[u]:\n ingang[v] -= 1\n if ingang[v] == 0:\n heapq.heappush(klaar, v)\n if len(volgorde) \u003C len(graaf):\n raise ValueError(\"graaf bevat een cyclus\")\n return volgorde\n\n\nprint(kahn(voorkennis)) # ['B', 'C', 'A', 'D', 'E', 'F']\n",[28,9917,9918,9924,9928,9937,10001,10050,10054,10058,10062,10075,10100,10112,10128,10144,10183,10201,10209,10217,10235,10249,10265,10280,10298,10316,10339,10358,10364,10368,10372],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,9919,9920,9922],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,9921,539],{"class":531},[525,9923,5586],{"class":535},[525,9925,9926],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,9927,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,9929,9930,9933,9935],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,9931,9932],{"class":535},"voorkennis ",[525,9934,880],{"class":568},[525,9936,1868],{"class":568},[525,9938,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987,9989,9991,9993,9995,9997,9999],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,9940,7050],{"class":568},[525,9942,6505],{"class":5628},[525,9944,5632],{"class":568},[525,9946,2187],{"class":568},[525,9948,1274],{"class":568},[525,9950,5632],{"class":568},[525,9952,6442],{"class":5628},[525,9954,5632],{"class":568},[525,9956,4120],{"class":568},[525,9958,5625],{"class":568},[525,9960,6513],{"class":5628},[525,9962,5632],{"class":568},[525,9964,2187],{"class":568},[525,9966,1274],{"class":568},[525,9968,5632],{"class":568},[525,9970,6529],{"class":5628},[525,9972,5632],{"class":568},[525,9974,4120],{"class":568},[525,9976,5625],{"class":568},[525,9978,6521],{"class":5628},[525,9980,5632],{"class":568},[525,9982,2187],{"class":568},[525,9984,1274],{"class":568},[525,9986,5632],{"class":568},[525,9988,6505],{"class":5628},[525,9990,5632],{"class":568},[525,9992,589],{"class":568},[525,9994,5625],{"class":568},[525,9996,6529],{"class":5628},[525,9998,5632],{"class":568},[525,10000,7135],{"class":568},[525,10002,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025,10027,10029,10031,10033,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045,10047],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,10004,7050],{"class":568},[525,10006,6529],{"class":5628},[525,10008,5632],{"class":568},[525,10010,2187],{"class":568},[525,10012,1274],{"class":568},[525,10014,5632],{"class":568},[525,10016,6442],{"class":5628},[525,10018,5632],{"class":568},[525,10020,4120],{"class":568},[525,10022,5625],{"class":568},[525,10024,6442],{"class":5628},[525,10026,5632],{"class":568},[525,10028,2187],{"class":568},[525,10030,1274],{"class":568},[525,10032,5632],{"class":568},[525,10034,6544],{"class":5628},[525,10036,5632],{"class":568},[525,10038,4120],{"class":568},[525,10040,5625],{"class":568},[525,10042,6544],{"class":5628},[525,10044,5632],{"class":568},[525,10046,2187],{"class":568},[525,10048,10049],{"class":568}," [],\n",[525,10051,10052],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,10053,1935],{"class":568},[525,10055,10056],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,10057,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,10059,10060],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,10061,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,10063,10064,10066,10069,10071,10073],{"class":527,"line":646},[525,10065,659],{"class":560},[525,10067,10068],{"class":578}," kahn",[525,10070,582],{"class":568},[525,10072,7247],{"class":592},[525,10074,596],{"class":568},[525,10076,10077,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098],{"class":527,"line":651},[525,10078,10079],{"class":535}," ingang ",[525,10081,880],{"class":568},[525,10083,4845],{"class":568},[525,10085,7387],{"class":535},[525,10087,2187],{"class":568},[525,10089,4035],{"class":1686},[525,10091,8883],{"class":531},[525,10093,7337],{"class":535},[525,10095,466],{"class":531},[525,10097,7704],{"class":535},[525,10099,1935],{"class":568},[525,10101,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110],{"class":527,"line":656},[525,10103,7516],{"class":531},[525,10105,7827],{"class":535},[525,10107,466],{"class":531},[525,10109,7704],{"class":535},[525,10111,569],{"class":568},[525,10113,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122,10124,10126],{"class":527,"line":676},[525,10115,1587],{"class":531},[525,10117,7337],{"class":535},[525,10119,466],{"class":531},[525,10121,7704],{"class":535},[525,10123,4079],{"class":568},[525,10125,6733],{"class":535},[525,10127,1729],{"class":568},[525,10129,10130,10133,10135,10137,10139,10142],{"class":527,"line":691},[525,10131,10132],{"class":535}," ingang",[525,10134,4079],{"class":568},[525,10136,7387],{"class":535},[525,10138,1283],{"class":568},[525,10140,10141],{"class":568}," +=",[525,10143,4023],{"class":1686},[525,10145,10146,10148,10150,10152,10155,10157,10159,10161,10164,10167,10170,10172,10174,10176,10179,10181],{"class":527,"line":710},[525,10147,8912],{"class":535},[525,10149,880],{"class":568},[525,10151,1274],{"class":568},[525,10153,10154],{"class":535},"v ",[525,10156,1676],{"class":531},[525,10158,7337],{"class":535},[525,10160,466],{"class":531},[525,10162,10163],{"class":535}," graaf ",[525,10165,10166],{"class":531},"if",[525,10168,10169],{"class":535}," ingang",[525,10171,4079],{"class":568},[525,10173,7387],{"class":535},[525,10175,1283],{"class":568},[525,10177,10178],{"class":568}," ==",[525,10180,4035],{"class":1686},[525,10182,1471],{"class":568},[525,10184,10185,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198],{"class":527,"line":730},[525,10186,10187],{"class":535}," heapq",[525,10189,68],{"class":568},[525,10191,5810],{"class":578},[525,10193,582],{"class":568},[525,10195,9528],{"class":578},[525,10197,703],{"class":568},[525,10199,10200],{"class":706}," # min-heap: alfabetisch kleinste eerst\n",[525,10202,10203,10205,10207],{"class":527,"line":759},[525,10204,7288],{"class":535},[525,10206,880],{"class":568},[525,10208,3954],{"class":568},[525,10210,10211,10213,10215],{"class":527,"line":778},[525,10212,845],{"class":531},[525,10214,8986],{"class":535},[525,10216,569],{"class":568},[525,10218,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233],{"class":527,"line":805},[525,10220,7305],{"class":535},[525,10222,880],{"class":568},[525,10224,5722],{"class":535},[525,10226,68],{"class":568},[525,10228,5727],{"class":578},[525,10230,582],{"class":568},[525,10232,9528],{"class":578},[525,10234,756],{"class":568},[525,10236,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247],{"class":527,"line":814},[525,10238,7320],{"class":535},[525,10240,68],{"class":568},[525,10242,1571],{"class":578},[525,10244,582],{"class":568},[525,10246,6733],{"class":578},[525,10248,756],{"class":568},[525,10250,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263],{"class":527,"line":819},[525,10252,1587],{"class":531},[525,10254,7337],{"class":535},[525,10256,466],{"class":531},[525,10258,7704],{"class":535},[525,10260,4079],{"class":568},[525,10262,6733],{"class":535},[525,10264,1729],{"class":568},[525,10266,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10278],{"class":527,"line":824},[525,10268,10132],{"class":535},[525,10270,4079],{"class":568},[525,10272,7387],{"class":535},[525,10274,1283],{"class":568},[525,10276,10277],{"class":568}," -=",[525,10279,4023],{"class":1686},[525,10281,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296],{"class":527,"line":842},[525,10283,1617],{"class":531},[525,10285,10169],{"class":535},[525,10287,4079],{"class":568},[525,10289,7387],{"class":535},[525,10291,1283],{"class":568},[525,10293,10178],{"class":568},[525,10295,4035],{"class":1686},[525,10297,569],{"class":568},[525,10299,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314],{"class":527,"line":874},[525,10301,9094],{"class":535},[525,10303,68],{"class":568},[525,10305,5609],{"class":578},[525,10307,582],{"class":568},[525,10309,9528],{"class":578},[525,10311,589],{"class":568},[525,10313,7562],{"class":578},[525,10315,756],{"class":568},[525,10317,10318,10320,10322,10324,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337],{"class":527,"line":912},[525,10319,679],{"class":531},[525,10321,4007],{"class":578},[525,10323,582],{"class":568},[525,10325,10326],{"class":578},"volgorde",[525,10328,703],{"class":568},[525,10330,4406],{"class":568},[525,10332,4007],{"class":578},[525,10334,582],{"class":568},[525,10336,7247],{"class":578},[525,10338,596],{"class":568},[525,10340,10341,10344,10347,10349,10351,10354,10356],{"class":527,"line":919},[525,10342,10343],{"class":531}," raise",[525,10345,10346],{"class":564}," ValueError",[525,10348,582],{"class":568},[525,10350,5632],{"class":568},[525,10352,10353],{"class":5628},"graaf bevat een cyclus",[525,10355,5632],{"class":568},[525,10357,756],{"class":568},[525,10359,10360,10362],{"class":527,"line":924},[525,10361,808],{"class":531},[525,10363,7413],{"class":535},[525,10365,10366],{"class":527,"line":929},[525,10367,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,10369,10370],{"class":527,"line":947},[525,10371,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,10373,10374,10376,10378,10381,10383,10386,10388],{"class":527,"line":958},[525,10375,1756],{"class":578},[525,10377,582],{"class":568},[525,10379,10380],{"class":578},"kahn",[525,10382,582],{"class":568},[525,10384,10385],{"class":578},"voorkennis",[525,10387,1768],{"class":568},[525,10389,10390],{"class":706}," # ['B', 'C', 'A', 'D', 'E', 'F']\n",[515,10392,10393],{"v-slot:java":223},[215,10394,10396],{"className":1776,"code":10395,"language":1778,"meta":223,"style":223},"import java.util.*;\n\nstatic List\u003CString> kahn(Map\u003CString, List\u003CString>> graaf) {\n Map\u003CString, Integer> ingang = new HashMap\u003C>();\n for (String v : graaf.keySet()) ingang.put(v, 0);\n for (List\u003CString> opvolgers : graaf.values()) {\n for (String v : opvolgers) ingang.merge(v, 1, Integer::sum);\n }\n PriorityQueue\u003CString> klaar = new PriorityQueue\u003C>(); \u002F\u002F alfabetisch kleinste eerst\n for (String v : graaf.keySet()) if (ingang.get(v) == 0) klaar.add(v);\n List\u003CString> volgorde = new ArrayList\u003C>();\n while (!klaar.isEmpty()) {\n String u = klaar.poll();\n volgorde.add(u);\n for (String v : graaf.get(u)) {\n if (ingang.merge(v, -1, Integer::sum) == 0) klaar.add(v);\n }\n }\n if (volgorde.size() \u003C graaf.size()) throw new IllegalStateException(\"graaf bevat een cyclus\");\n return volgorde;\n}\n",[28,10397,10398,10414,10418,10456,10482,10518,10548,10591,10595,10618,10673,10693,10709,10725,10739,10765,10815,10819,10823,10865,10873],{"__ignoreMap":223},[525,10399,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412],{"class":527,"line":528},[525,10401,539],{"class":1686},[525,10403,1787],{"class":560},[525,10405,68],{"class":568},[525,10407,1792],{"class":560},[525,10409,68],{"class":568},[525,10411,7660],{"class":535},[525,10413,1800],{"class":568},[525,10415,10416],{"class":527,"line":545},[525,10417,549],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":548},[525,10419,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454],{"class":527,"line":552},[525,10421,1860],{"class":560},[525,10423,2556],{"class":560},[525,10425,718],{"class":568},[525,10427,7677],{"class":535},[525,10429,767],{"class":568},[525,10431,10068],{"class":578},[525,10433,582],{"class":568},[525,10435,7686],{"class":560},[525,10437,718],{"class":568},[525,10439,7677],{"class":535},[525,10441,589],{"class":568},[525,10443,2556],{"class":560},[525,10445,718],{"class":568},[525,10447,7677],{"class":535},[525,10449,7701],{"class":568},[525,10451,7704],{"class":535},[525,10453,703],{"class":568},[525,10455,1868],{"class":568},[525,10457,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10473,10475,10477,10480],{"class":527,"line":557},[525,10459,9293],{"class":560},[525,10461,718],{"class":568},[525,10463,7677],{"class":560},[525,10465,589],{"class":568},[525,10467,5916],{"class":560},[525,10469,767],{"class":568},[525,10471,10472],{"class":535}," ingang ",[525,10474,880],{"class":568},[525,10476,1987],{"class":531},[525,10478,10479],{"class":560}," HashMap",[525,10481,2920],{"class":568},[525,10483,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516],{"class":527,"line":572},[525,10485,7516],{"class":531},[525,10487,334],{"class":568},[525,10489,7677],{"class":560},[525,10491,7337],{"class":535},[525,10493,2187],{"class":531},[525,10495,7704],{"class":535},[525,10497,68],{"class":568},[525,10499,9337],{"class":578},[525,10501,2984],{"class":568},[525,10503,10169],{"class":535},[525,10505,68],{"class":568},[525,10507,9346],{"class":578},[525,10509,582],{"class":568},[525,10511,7387],{"class":535},[525,10513,589],{"class":568},[525,10515,4035],{"class":1686},[525,10517,2043],{"class":568},[525,10519,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530,10532,10535,10537,10539,10541,10544,10546],{"class":527,"line":599},[525,10521,7516],{"class":531},[525,10523,334],{"class":568},[525,10525,1849],{"class":560},[525,10527,718],{"class":568},[525,10529,7677],{"class":560},[525,10531,767],{"class":568},[525,10533,10534],{"class":535}," opvolgers ",[525,10536,2187],{"class":531},[525,10538,7704],{"class":535},[525,10540,68],{"class":568},[525,10542,10543],{"class":578},"values",[525,10545,2984],{"class":568},[525,10547,1868],{"class":568},[525,10549,10550,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10563,10565,10567,10569,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584,10586,10589],{"class":527,"line":617},[525,10551,1587],{"class":531},[525,10553,334],{"class":568},[525,10555,7677],{"class":560},[525,10557,7337],{"class":535},[525,10559,2187],{"class":531},[525,10561,10562],{"class":535}," opvolgers",[525,10564,703],{"class":568},[525,10566,10169],{"class":535},[525,10568,68],{"class":568},[525,10570,10571],{"class":578},"merge",[525,10573,582],{"class":568},[525,10575,7387],{"class":535},[525,10577,589],{"class":568},[525,10579,1701],{"class":1686},[525,10581,589],{"class":568},[525,10583,5916],{"class":535},[525,10585,9440],{"class":531},[525,10587,10588],{"class":535},"sum",[525,10590,2043],{"class":568},[525,10592,10593],{"class":527,"line":632},[525,10594,1930],{"class":568},[525,10596,10597,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615],{"class":527,"line":646},[525,10598,5881],{"class":560},[525,10600,718],{"class":568},[525,10602,7677],{"class":560},[525,10604,767],{"class":568},[525,10606,9392],{"class":535},[525,10608,880],{"class":568},[525,10610,1987],{"class":531},[525,10612,5898],{"class":560},[525,10614,9315],{"class":568},[525,10616,10617],{"class":706}," \u002F\u002F alfabetisch kleinste eerst\n",[525,10619,10620,10622,10624,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10636,10638,10640,10642,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665,10667,10669,10671],{"class":527,"line":651},[525,10621,7516],{"class":531},[525,10623,334],{"class":568},[525,10625,7677],{"class":560},[525,10627,7337],{"class":535},[525,10629,2187],{"class":531},[525,10631,7704],{"class":535},[525,10633,68],{"class":568},[525,10635,9337],{"class":578},[525,10637,2984],{"class":568},[525,10639,889],{"class":531},[525,10641,334],{"class":568},[525,10643,10644],{"class":535},"ingang",[525,10646,68],{"class":568},[525,10648,4888],{"class":578},[525,10650,582],{"class":568},[525,10652,7387],{"class":535},[525,10654,703],{"class":568},[525,10656,10178],{"class":568},[525,10658,4035],{"class":1686},[525,10660,703],{"class":568},[525,10662,8986],{"class":535},[525,10664,68],{"class":568},[525,10666,2597],{"class":578},[525,10668,582],{"class":568},[525,10670,7387],{"class":535},[525,10672,2043],{"class":568},[525,10674,10675,10677,10679,10681,10683,10685,10687,10689,10691],{"class":527,"line":656},[525,10676,2901],{"class":560},[525,10678,718],{"class":568},[525,10680,7677],{"class":560},[525,10682,767],{"class":568},[525,10684,7471],{"class":535},[525,10686,880],{"class":568},[525,10688,1987],{"class":531},[525,10690,2917],{"class":560},[525,10692,2920],{"class":568},[525,10694,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707],{"class":527,"line":676},[525,10696,845],{"class":531},[525,10698,2973],{"class":568},[525,10700,9528],{"class":535},[525,10702,68],{"class":568},[525,10704,2981],{"class":578},[525,10706,2984],{"class":568},[525,10708,1868],{"class":568},[525,10710,10711,10713,10715,10717,10719,10721,10723],{"class":527,"line":691},[525,10712,7824],{"class":560},[525,10714,7827],{"class":535},[525,10716,880],{"class":568},[525,10718,8986],{"class":535},[525,10720,68],{"class":568},[525,10722,3001],{"class":578},[525,10724,3004],{"class":568},[525,10726,10727,10729,10731,10733,10735,10737],{"class":527,"line":710},[525,10728,7320],{"class":535},[525,10730,68],{"class":568},[525,10732,2597],{"class":578},[525,10734,582],{"class":568},[525,10736,6733],{"class":535},[525,10738,2043],{"class":568},[525,10740,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749,10751,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761,10763],{"class":527,"line":730},[525,10742,1587],{"class":531},[525,10744,334],{"class":568},[525,10746,7677],{"class":560},[525,10748,7337],{"class":535},[525,10750,2187],{"class":531},[525,10752,7704],{"class":535},[525,10754,68],{"class":568},[525,10756,4888],{"class":578},[525,10758,582],{"class":568},[525,10760,6733],{"class":535},[525,10762,1768],{"class":568},[525,10764,1868],{"class":568},[525,10766,10767,10769,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781,10783,10785,10787,10789,10791,10793,10795,10797,10799,10801,10803,10805,10807,10809,10811,10813],{"class":527,"line":759},[525,10768,1617],{"class":531},[525,10770,334],{"class":568},[525,10772,10644],{"class":535},[525,10774,68],{"class":568},[525,10776,10571],{"class":578},[525,10778,582],{"class":568},[525,10780,7387],{"class":535},[525,10782,589],{"class":568},[525,10784,4020],{"class":568},[525,10786,149],{"class":1686},[525,10788,589],{"class":568},[525,10790,5916],{"class":535},[525,10792,9440],{"class":531},[525,10794,10588],{"class":535},[525,10796,703],{"class":568},[525,10798,10178],{"class":568},[525,10800,4035],{"class":1686},[525,10802,703],{"class":568},[525,10804,8986],{"class":535},[525,10806,68],{"class":568},[525,10808,2597],{"class":578},[525,10810,582],{"class":568},[525,10812,7387],{"class":535},[525,10814,2043],{"class":568},[525,10816,10817],{"class":527,"line":778},[525,10818,4944],{"class":568},[525,10820,10821],{"class":527,"line":805},[525,10822,1930],{"class":568},[525,10824,10825,10827,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837,10839,10841,10843,10845,10847,10850,10852,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863],{"class":527,"line":814},[525,10826,679],{"class":531},[525,10828,334],{"class":568},[525,10830,10326],{"class":535},[525,10832,68],{"class":568},[525,10834,4819],{"class":578},[525,10836,4822],{"class":568},[525,10838,4406],{"class":568},[525,10840,7704],{"class":535},[525,10842,68],{"class":568},[525,10844,4819],{"class":578},[525,10846,2984],{"class":568},[525,10848,10849],{"class":531}," throw",[525,10851,1987],{"class":531},[525,10853,10854],{"class":578}," IllegalStateException",[525,10856,582],{"class":568},[525,10858,5632],{"class":568},[525,10860,10353],{"class":5628},[525,10862,5632],{"class":568},[525,10864,2043],{"class":568},[525,10866,10867,10869,10871],{"class":527,"line":819},[525,10868,808],{"class":531},[525,10870,7447],{"class":535},[525,10872,1800],{"class":568},[525,10874,10875],{"class":527,"line":824},[525,10876,1935],{"class":568},[33,10878,3235],{"id":3234},[90,10880,10881,10897],{},[93,10882,10883],{},[96,10884,10885,10888,10891,10894],{},[99,10886,10887],{},"Algoritme",[99,10889,10890],{},"Tijd (adjacency list)",[99,10892,10893],{},"Tijd (matrix)",[99,10895,10896],{},"Extra geheugen",[109,10898,10899,10916,10933,10950,10967],{},[96,10900,10901,10904,10908,10912],{},[114,10902,10903],{},"BFS",[114,10905,10906],{},[28,10907,6703],{},[114,10909,10910],{},[28,10911,6708],{},[114,10913,10914],{},[28,10915,6742],{},[96,10917,10918,10921,10925,10929],{},[114,10919,10920],{},"DFS",[114,10922,10923],{},[28,10924,6703],{},[114,10926,10927],{},[28,10928,6708],{},[114,10930,10931],{},[28,10932,6742],{},[96,10934,10935,10938,10943,10946],{},[114,10936,10937],{},"Dijkstra met binaire heap",[114,10939,10940],{},[28,10941,10942],{},"O((V + E) log V)",[114,10944,10945],{},"—",[114,10947,10948],{},[28,10949,6703],{},[96,10951,10952,10955,10959,10963],{},[114,10953,10954],{},"Dijkstra met array, zonder heap",[114,10956,10957],{},[28,10958,6708],{},[114,10960,10961],{},[28,10962,6708],{},[114,10964,10965],{},[28,10966,6742],{},[96,10968,10969,10972,10976,10980],{},[114,10970,10971],{},"Kahn",[114,10973,10974],{},[28,10975,6703],{},[114,10977,10978],{},[28,10979,6708],{},[114,10981,10982],{},[28,10983,6742],{},[10,10985,10986,10987,10990,10991,10994,10995,10998,10999,11002,11003,11005,11006,68],{},"BFS en DFS bekijken elke knoop één keer en elke kant (bij een ongerichte graaf) twee keer, vandaar\n",[28,10988,10989],{},"V + E",". Dijkstra doet daarbovenop heap-operaties van ",[28,10992,10993],{},"O(log V)","; zie ",[19,10996,6344],{"href":10997},"\u002Fpracticely\u002Fdsa\u002Fheaps",".\nKahn met de alfabetische keuze via een heap kost ",[28,11000,11001],{},"O(V log V + E)","; zonder die eis volstaat een gewone\nwachtrij en is het ",[28,11004,6703],{},". Meer over deze notatie lees je bij ",[19,11007,3234],{"href":11008},"\u002Fpracticely\u002Fdsa\u002Fcomplexiteit",[33,11010,3330],{"id":3329},[3332,11012,11013,11025,11031,11047,11057],{},[49,11014,11015,11018,11019,11021,11022,11024],{},[41,11016,11017],{},"Buren niet alfabetisch bekijken."," Bij ",[28,11020,6513],{}," zijn de buren ",[28,11023,6516],{},", in die volgorde. Neem je\nze in de volgorde waarin de kanten in de opgave staan, dan krijg je een ander antwoord.",[49,11026,11027,11030],{},[41,11028,11029],{},"BFS: een knoop pas markeren als hij uit de wachtrij komt."," Dan kan hij er twee keer in komen.\nMarkeer hem als bezocht zodra hij erin gaat.",[49,11032,11033,11036,11037,11039,11040,6477,11042,11044,11045,68],{},[41,11034,11035],{},"DFS als BFS uitvoeren."," Bij DFS ga je na ",[28,11038,6513],{}," meteen door naar de eerste onbezochte buur van ",[28,11041,6513],{},[28,11043,6521],{},"), niet eerst terug naar de andere buren van ",[28,11046,6505],{},[49,11048,11049,11052,11053,11056],{},[41,11050,11051],{},"Dijkstra: een afgeronde knoop opnieuw aanpassen of bij gelijke afstand overschrijven."," Een\nafstand verandert alleen als de nieuwe route ",[41,11054,11055],{},"strikt"," korter is.",[49,11058,11059,11062],{},[41,11060,11061],{},"Kahn: de ingangsgraden niet bijwerken."," Verlaag na elke keuze de ingangsgraad van alle\nopvolgers; pas dan zie je welke knopen nieuw beschikbaar zijn.",[33,11064,3397],{"id":3396},[46,11066,11067,11073,11079,11085],{},[49,11068,11069,11070,11072],{},"Een graaf bestaat uit knopen en kanten, gericht of ongericht, gewogen of niet; meestal sla je hem op\nals adjacency list (",[28,11071,6703],{}," geheugen).",[49,11074,11075,11076,11078],{},"BFS gebruikt een wachtrij en verkent laag voor laag; DFS gaat recursief zo diep mogelijk. Beide\n",[28,11077,6703],{},", buren altijd alfabetisch.",[49,11080,11081,11082,11084],{},"Dijkstra kiest steeds de knoop met de kleinste voorlopige afstand en werkt alleen met\nniet-negatieve gewichten: ",[28,11083,10942],{}," met een heap.",[49,11086,11087],{},"Kahn sorteert een DAG topologisch door steeds een knoop met ingangsgraad 0 te kiezen (bij ons de\nalfabetisch kleinste) en detecteert zo ook cycli.",[3424,11089,11090],{},"html pre.shiki code .s7zQu, html code.shiki .s7zQu{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sTEyZ, html code.shiki .sTEyZ{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .sMK4o, html code.shiki .sMK4o{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sfazB, html code.shiki .sfazB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .spNyl, html code.shiki .spNyl{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .s2Zo4, html code.shiki .s2Zo4{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .sHdIc, html code.shiki .sHdIc{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sHwdD, html code.shiki .sHwdD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sBMFI, html code.shiki .sBMFI{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbssI, html code.shiki .sbssI{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}",{"title":223,"searchDepth":545,"depth":545,"links":11092},[11093,11094,11095,11096,11097,11098,11099,11100,11101],{"id":6371,"depth":545,"text":6372},{"id":6462,"depth":545,"text":6463},{"id":6763,"depth":545,"text":6764},{"id":6910,"depth":545,"text":6911},{"id":8313,"depth":545,"text":8314},{"id":9755,"depth":545,"text":9756},{"id":3234,"depth":545,"text":3235},{"id":3329,"depth":545,"text":3330},{"id":3396,"depth":545,"text":3397},"Leer grafen representeren met adjacency lists en matrices, en traceer BFS, DFS, Dijkstra en het algoritme van Kahn stap voor stap, met code in Python en Java.","i-lucide-waypoints",{},"\u002Fpracticely-dsa\u002Fgrafen",{"title":6348,"description":11102},"practicely-dsa\u002Fgrafen","J0aQBdQbYkvKjbrR1zl45Lv4_kltmHb8pUgHLstrMbU",1793084908280]